invasive pneumococcal disease
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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261750
Author(s):  
Hanna Rinta-Kokko ◽  
Arto A. Palmu ◽  
Esa Ruokokoski ◽  
Heta Nieminen ◽  
Marta Moreira ◽  
...  

Background In the nation-wide double-blind cluster-randomised Finnish Invasive Pneumococcal disease trial (FinIP, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00861380, NCT00839254), we assessed the indirect impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) against five pneumococcal disease syndromes. Methods Children 6 weeks to 18 months received PHiD-CV10 in 48 clusters or hepatitis B/A-vaccine as control in 24 clusters according to infant 3+1/2+1 or catch-up schedules in years 2009―2011. Outcome data were collected from national health registers and included laboratory-confirmed and clinically suspected invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), hospital-diagnosed pneumonia, tympanostomy tube placements (TTP) and outpatient antimicrobial prescriptions. Incidence rates in the unvaccinated population in years 2010―2015 were compared between PHiD-CV10 and control clusters in age groups <5 and ≥5 years (5―7 years for TTP and outpatient antimicrobial prescriptions), and in infants <3 months. PHiD-CV10 was introduced into the Finnish National Vaccination Programme (PCV-NVP) for 3-month-old infants without catch-up in 9/2010. Results From 2/2009 to 10/2010, 45398 children were enrolled. Vaccination coverage varied from 29 to 61% in PHiD-CV10 clusters. We detected no clear differences in the incidence rates between the unvaccinated cohorts of the treatment arms, except in single years. For example, the rates of vaccine-type IPD, non-laboratory-confirmed IPD and empyema were lower in PHiD-CV10 clusters compared to control clusters in 2012, 2015 and 2011, respectively, in the age-group ≥5 years. Conclusions This is the first report from a clinical trial evaluating the indirect impact of a PCV against clinical outcomes in an unvaccinated population. We did not observe consistent indirect effects in the PHiD-CV10 clusters compared to the control clusters. We consider that the sub-optimal trial vaccination coverage did not allow the development of detectable indirect effects and that the supervening PCV-NVP significantly diminished the differences in PHiD-CV10 vaccination coverage between the treatment arms.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262225
Author(s):  
Sweta M. Patel ◽  
Yazdani B. Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb ◽  
Morgan Congdon ◽  
Rebecca R. Young ◽  
Mohamed Z. Patel ◽  
...  

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, but the sustained effect of these vaccines can be diminished by an increase in disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes. To describe pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in July 2012, we performed molecular serotyping of 268 pneumococcal strains isolated from 221 children between 2012 and 2017. The median (interquartile range) age of the children included in this analysis was 6 (3,12) months. Fifty-nine percent of the children had received at least one dose of PCV-13 and 35% were fully vaccinated with PCV-13. While colonization by vaccine serotypes steadily declined following PCV-13 introduction, 25% of strains isolated more than 3 years after vaccine introduction were PCV-13 serotypes. We also observed an increase in colonization by non-vaccine serotypes 21 and 23B, which have been associated with invasive pneumococcal disease and antibiotic resistance in other settings.


2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Akane Kuroki ◽  
Kei Takamura ◽  
Machiko Sasaki ◽  
Hajime Kikichi ◽  
Makoto Yamamoto

Author(s):  
Zahin Amin-Chowdhury ◽  
Marta Bertran ◽  
Carmen L Sheppard ◽  
Seyi Eletu ◽  
David Litt ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Sara De Miguel ◽  
Pello Latasa ◽  
José Yuste ◽  
Luis García ◽  
María Ordobás ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to investigate the serotype-associated fatality rate in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Spanish region of Madrid between 2007 and 2020. Serotyping was performed by Pneumotest Latex and the Quellung reaction using commercial antisera. Case-fatality rate was estimated as the ratio between the number of deaths at hospital discharge and the number of cases attributable to each serotype. To evaluate the association measures, the odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. Twenty five pneumococcal serotypes were associated to mortality and comprised 87.8% of the total number of isolates characterized. Serotypes 8, 3, 19A, 1, 7F, 22F, 12F, and 11A were the most prevalent (≥3% each). Serotypes 31, 11A, and 19F were significantly associated to high case-fatality rates (>20% each). The lower significantly associated case-fatality rate (<10% each) was found in serotypes 5, 1, 12B, 7F, 12F, 8, 33, and 10A. The serotypes with higher mortality levels (≥0.04 per 100,000 population) were 11A (fatality 24.0%), 3 (fatality 18.7%), 19A (fatality 12.5%), and 8 (fatality 7.2%). Serotype 3 was worrisome because it is associated with important fatality levels combined with very high incidence and mortality rates. Serotype 11A also showed a high fatality with marked incidence and mortality levels. Some few frequent serotypes as 31, 19F, and 15A despite its high fatality had low levels of mortality. By contrast other serotypes as 8 showing low fatality had high mortality ranges because it shows a wide extended distribution. Finally, common serotypes, such as 1 and 5, presented small mortality length, due to their low case-fatality rates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S737-S738
Author(s):  
Ryan Gierke ◽  
Monica M Farley ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
Ann Thomas ◽  
Art Reingold ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recommended for U.S. children aged &lt; 5 years in February 2010 and recommended in series with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for adults aged ≥ 65 years in 2014. PCV13 has led to dramatic reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) burden. New, higher valency PCVs (PCV15, PCV20) are expected to be licensed for adults in late 2021. We examined remaining PCV13-type IPD among children and adults and assessed IPD burden potentially preventable through PCV15 and PCV20 use. Methods IPD cases (isolation of pneumococcus from sterile sites) were identified through CDC’s Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 1998–2019. Isolates were serotyped by Quellung or whole genome sequencing. Incidence rates (cases/100,000) were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau population denominators. Results After introduction of PCV13 in children, by 2013–2014, PCV13-type IPD declined 89% (from 15 to 2 cases/100,000) in children age &lt; 5 years and 67% (from 19 to 7 cases/100,000) in adults age ≥ 65 years. During 2014–2019, rates of PCV13-type IPD in children and adults remained stable. In 2018–2019, among children age &lt; 5 years, serotypes 3, 19F, 19A, and 6C accounted for most of the remaining PCV13-type IPD (46%, 32%, 14% and 4% respectively) (Figure 1). Among adults age ≥ 65 years, serotypes 3, 6C, 19A, and 19F accounted for most of the remaining PCV13-type IPD (62%, 12%, 10%, and 9% respectively) (Figure 1). During 2015–2019, rates of PCV15 and PCV20-type IPD have remained stable. In 2018–2019, among adults age ≥ 65 years, PCV15 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 3.6 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 15% of all IPD. PCV20 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 6.8 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 29% of all IPD (Figure 2). Among children age &lt; 5 years, PCV15 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 1.6 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 17% of all IPD. PCV20 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 2.8 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 39% of all IPD (Figure 2). Figure 1. Incidence rates of IPD among children &lt; 5 years old, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine type and individual PCV13 serotypes, 2011–2019 Figure 2. Incidence rates of IPD among adults ≥ 65 years old, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine type and individual PCV13 serotypes, 2011–2019 Conclusion Following the dramatic reductions after PCV13 introduction, PCV13-type IPD has remained stable during the past five years. There are opportunities to prevent an additional 30% IPD burden among adults through new PCV use. Disclosures William Schaffner, MD, VBI Vaccines (Consultant) Lee Harrison, MD, GSK, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)


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