scholarly journals Chemical analysis of acetylated bovine growth hormone, a growth-hormone inhibitor

1967 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oikawa ◽  
JM Dellacha ◽  
M Sonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone

ANALYSIS OF THE BIPHASIC ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN VITRO ON THE RAT DIAPHRAGM

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S19-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
D 20

ABSTRACT In vitro addition of bovine growth hormone (GH) to intact hemidiaphragms from hypophysectomized rats has previously been found to produce both an early stimulatory effect lasting for 2—3 hours and a subsequent late inhibitory effect during which the muscle is insensitive to further addition of GH (Hjalmarson 1968). These effects on the accumulation rate of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and D-xylose have been further studied. In presence of actinomycin D (20 μg/ml) or puromycin (100 μg/ml) the duration of the stimulatory effect of GH (25 μg/ml) was prolonged to last for at least 4—5 hours and the late inhibitory effect was prevented. Similar results were obtained when glucose-free incubation medium was used. Preincubation of the diaphragm at different glucose concentrations (0—5 mg/ml) for 3 hours did not change the GH sensitivity. Addition of insulin at start of incubation could not prevent GH from inducing its late inhibitory effect, while dexamethasone seemed to potentiate this effect of GH. Furthermore, adrenaline was found to decrease the uptake of AIB-14C and D-xylose-14C in the diaphragm, but not to change the sensitivity of the muscle to GH. Preincubation of the diaphragm for 3 hours with puromycin in a concentration of 200 μg/ml markedly decreased the subsequent basal uptake of both AIB-14C and D-xylose-14C, in the presence of puromycin, and abolished the stimulatory effect of GH on the accumulation of AIB-14C. However, the effect of GH on the accumulation of D-xylose-14C was unchanged. The present observations are discussed and evaluated in relation to various mechanisms of GH action proposed to explain the dual nature of the hormone.

Growth hormone activity in man with components of tryptic digests of bovine growth hormone

Metabolism ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 830-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Nadler ◽  
M. Sonenberg ◽  
M.I. New ◽  
C.A. Free
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Activity

scholarly journals Association Between SSCP Haplotypes at the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene and Milk Protein Percentage

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-951
Author(s):  
A Lagziel ◽  
E Lipkin ◽  
M Soller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The bovine Growth Hormone gene (bGH) is an attractive candidate gene for milk production in cattle. Single-strand conformation polymorphisms at bGH were identified and used to define haplotype configurations at this gene in the Israeli Holstein dairy cattle population (Bos taurus) and in the parent animals of the International Bovine Reference Family Panel (a collection of B. taurus and B. indicus crosses). B. taurus and B. indicus haplotypes at the bGH gene differed qualitatively, confirming the previously proposed long evolutionary separation of these cattle subraces. Only a small number of bGH haplotypes were present in the Israel Holstein population. One of the haplotypes, apparently of B. indicus origin, was found to have a highly significant positive effect on milk protein percentage. This illustrates the utility of the haplotype approach for uncovering candidate gene involvement in quantitative genetic variation in agricultural populations. The strong effect of an indicine haplotype in a taurine background raises the possibility that indicine alleles at other candidate genes may comprise a genetic resource for improvement of taurine populations. It is proposed that haplotype analysis may be a useful adjunct to measures of genetic distance for evaluating rare breeds with respect to gene conservation.

scholarly journals Sequence Variations in the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene Characterized by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis and Their Association with Milk Production Traits in Holsteins

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Yao ◽  
Samuel E Aggrey ◽  
David Zadworny ◽  
J Flan Hayes ◽  
Urs Kühnlein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Sscp Analysis ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

Sequence variations in the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene were investigated by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of seven amplified fragments covering almost the entire gene (2.7 kb). SSCPs were detected in four of these fragments and a total of six polymorphisms were found in a sample of 128 Holstein bulls. Two polymorphisms, a T→C transition in the third intron (designated GH4.1) and an A→C transversion in the fifth exon (designated GH6.2), were shown to be associated with milk production traits. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher milk yield than GH4.1c/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.005) and GH4.1t/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.0022) bulls. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher kg fat (P ≤ 0.0076) and protein (P ≤ 0.0018) than GH4.1c/GH4.1t bulls. Similar effects on milk production traits with the GH6.2 polymorphism were observed with the GH6.2a allele being the favorable allele. The average effects of the gene substitution for GH4.1 and GH6.2 are similar, with ±300 kg for milk yield, ±8 kg for fat content and ±7 kg for protein content per lactation. The positive association of GH4.1c and GH6.2a with milk production traits may be useful for improving milk performance in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals The kinetics of bovine growth hormone folding are consistent with a framework model.

1987 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. 2590-2596
Author(s):  
D.N. Brems ◽  
S.M. Plaisted ◽  
J.J. Dougherty ◽  
T.F. Holzman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

Association of the Leu127 variant of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene with increased yield of milk, fat, and protein in Australian Holstein-Friesians

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Shariflou ◽  
C. Moran ◽  
F. W. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Trait Locus

The occurrence of the Leu127/Val127 variants of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene and their effect on milk production traits was investigated in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Animals were genotyped for the Leu127/Val127 variants, with RFLP methodology, using PCR and AluI digestion of PCR products (AluI-RFLP). Alleles Leu127 and Val127 occurred with frequencies of 82% and 18%, respectively. The quantitative effect of this polymorphic site on milk-production traits was estimated from lactation data and test-day data. Results from the 2 data sets consistently showed that the Leu127 allele is associated with higher production of milk, fat, and protein and is dominant to Val127. The average effects of the gene substitution are 95 L for milk yield, 7 kg for fat yield, and 3 kg for protein yield per lactation. This locus may be directly responsible for quantitative variation or it may be a marker for a closely linked quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk-production traits in Australian dairy cattle. In either case, it will be useful as an aid to selection for improvement of milk production traits. As the Leu127 allele is dominant, selection of AI sires homozygous for the Leu127 allele (Leu127/Leu127) will result in maximum benefit without the need for genotyping cows.

THE MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION IN THE RABBIT AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. COWIE ◽  
P. E. HARTMANN ◽  
A. TURVEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Milk Secretion

SUMMARY Twenty-one rabbits were hypophysectomized during the second week of lactation. Hypophysectomy inhibited milk secretion within 3–7 days. Restoration of the milk yield to pre-operative levels was obtained when daily injections of either sheep prolactin (50 or 100 i.u.) or human growth hormone (HGH) (2·5 or 5 mg.) were administered; partial recovery of the milk yield was obtained with 25 i.u. sheep prolactin/day or 1·25 mg. HGH/day. Neither bovine growth hormone (BGH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) nor cortisol acetate had any significant restorative effects on milk secretion or synergistic effects when combined with sheep prolactin or HGH. The probable development of immune responses to sheep prolactin and HGH was observed. After hypophysectomy, changes in milk composition were found which were similar in trend to the more gradual normal changes observed in late lactation. Sheep prolactin and HGH restored the composition of the milk as well as the yields to normal levels, and both hormones caused rapid increases in lactose yields. The pigeon crop-stimulating potency of the HGH preparation was low (equivalent to 3·7 i.u. sheep prolactin/mg.), yet its lactogenic and galactopoietic potencies were high thus emphasizing the unreliability of assessing the mammotrophic potencies of HGH preparations in birds.

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