THE MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION IN THE RABBIT AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

SUMMARY Twenty-one rabbits were hypophysectomized during the second week of lactation. Hypophysectomy inhibited milk secretion within 3–7 days. Restoration of the milk yield to pre-operative levels was obtained when daily injections of either sheep prolactin (50 or 100 i.u.) or human growth hormone (HGH) (2·5 or 5 mg.) were administered; partial recovery of the milk yield was obtained with 25 i.u. sheep prolactin/day or 1·25 mg. HGH/day. Neither bovine growth hormone (BGH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) nor cortisol acetate had any significant restorative effects on milk secretion or synergistic effects when combined with sheep prolactin or HGH. The probable development of immune responses to sheep prolactin and HGH was observed. After hypophysectomy, changes in milk composition were found which were similar in trend to the more gradual normal changes observed in late lactation. Sheep prolactin and HGH restored the composition of the milk as well as the yields to normal levels, and both hormones caused rapid increases in lactose yields. The pigeon crop-stimulating potency of the HGH preparation was low (equivalent to 3·7 i.u. sheep prolactin/mg.), yet its lactogenic and galactopoietic potencies were high thus emphasizing the unreliability of assessing the mammotrophic potencies of HGH preparations in birds.

Download Full-text

Immunologic Cross Reaction Between Human Growth Hormone and a Tryptic Digest of Bovine Growth Hormone

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem-26-4-374 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

SEYMOUR M. GLICK

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth ◽

Cross Reaction ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Tryptic Digest

Download Full-text

Fertility of Transgenic Female Mice Expressing Bovine Growth Hormone or Human Growth Hormone Variant Genes1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod45.1.178 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 178-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Erick M. Naar ◽

Andrzej Bartke ◽

Subeer S. Majumdar ◽

Frances C. Buonomo ◽

Jeung S. Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Female Mice

Download Full-text

CHANGES IN ENZYMIC ACTIVITY, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HISTOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS AND METABOLITES IN THE BLOOD OF LACTATING RABBITS AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH SHEEP PROLACTIN, HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE OR BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0480433 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 433-NP ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. E. HARTMANN ◽

A. T. COWIE ◽

ZENA D. HOSKING

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Human Growth ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Enzymic Activity ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa

SUMMARY Five groups of five lactating rabbits each were used. Milk yield was recorded from the 8th day of lactation onwards and on the 10th day of lactation the rabbits received the following treatments: Group S, sham-operation with saline (1 ml/12 h); Group P, hypophysectomy with sheep prolactin (1 mg/12 h); Group H, hypophysectomy with human growth hormone (1 mg/12 h); Group B, hypophysectomy with bovine growth hormone (1 mg/12 h) and Group C, hypophysectomy with saline (1 ml/12 h). The injections of saline or hormones were continued for 5 days and at the end of this period a blood sample was taken, the animals were killed and their mammary glands removed for histological examination and assay of the following enzymes: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2), acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) and ATP-citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8). On the 5th day after surgery the concentrations of blood l-lactate and pyruvate and plasma free fatty acids and protein were similar in all groups, whereas plasma glucose was higher in groups S, B and H than in groups P and C. Although the weights of pituitary target organs (adrenals, thyroid and ovaries) were similar in all groups, the weights (g/kg body weight) of mammary tissue varied markedly, group S being the heaviest and group C the lightest. Milk yields, 5 days after surgery, for groups P and H were about 50% that for S, whereas those for B and C were 15 and 4% respectively. Where possible the enzyme activity was expressed as a ratio of the rate of synthesis of the end product of the pathway in which the enzyme occurred. With the exception of acetyl-CoA carboxylase which may have had a rate-limiting role in the synthesis of milk fat, enzymic activity in vitro was in excess of that required in vivo for the synthesis of either milk fat or lactose. It appeared that the rate of milk synthesis depended upon the degree of maintenance of the secretory epithelial cells within the mammary gland rather than a block in the synthetic pathways within these cells.

Download Full-text

Loss of the CD56hi CD16− NK cell subset and NK cell interferon-γ production during antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1: partial recovery by human growth hormone

Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02329.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 470-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M. R. GOODIER ◽

N. IMAMI ◽

G. MOYLE ◽

B. GAZZARD ◽

F. GOTCH

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Cell Subset ◽

Human Growth ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE, OVINE PROLACTIN, BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE AND A TRYPTIC DIGEST OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0440517 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 517-NP ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KALYAN SUNDARAM ◽

M. SONENBERG

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Human Growth ◽

Double Diffusion ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Tryptic Digest ◽

Immunological Reactions ◽

Ovine Prolactin

SUMMARY Agar gel double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis of human growth hormone (HGH), ovine prolactin, bovine growth hormone (BGH) and a tryptic digest of BGH (TBGH) were performed. Antisera to BGH, TBGH, HGH and ovine prolactin were used for the tests. Both BGH and TBGH were found to contain material that precipitated with antiserum to ovine prolactin. Immunological analysis of various fractions of BGH and TBGH separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose showed that BGH and TBGH were eluted before prolactin. No differences between BGH and TBGH in their immunological reactions were found. HGH did not cross-react with BGH, TBGH or ovine prolactin.

Download Full-text

Serum somatomedin activity measured as sulphation factor in peripheral, hepatic and renal veins in normal mongrel dogs: Early effects of intravenous injection of growth hormone

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0930155 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rose-Marie Schimpff ◽

Marcel Donnadieu ◽

Michel Duval ◽

Brigitte Leduc

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth ◽

The Other ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Renal Veins ◽

Early Effects ◽

Different Doses

Abstract. The aim of this work was to study the early effects of an intravenous growth hormone (GH) injection on serum somatomedin (SM) activity in samples from peripheral (PV), hepatic (HV) and renal (RV) veins in dogs: 5 dogs were given one bovine growth hormone (bGH) injection, 1 dog was given 5 different doses of human growth hormone (hGH) and 6 control dogs were given saline. In bGH-treated dogs, a significant increase of SM activity occurred in the three vessels without difference between vessels. An early paradoxical decrease of serum somatomedin activity appeared in the dogs given more than 1.15 IU/kg. In the dog given hGH, the response of SM activity was significantly related to the hGH dose in the PV and not in the other vessels. These data seem to indicate that other sites than the liver and the kidney are involved in the production of GH-induced serum somatomedin activity. Following GH injection as well as in basal status. the liver may be implicated in the regulation of serum somatomedin activity.

Download Full-text

DYNAMICS OF INSULIN RELEASE BY PERFUSED HAMSTER (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS) PANCREASES: EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, BOVINE AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE, AND PROLACTIN

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0650245 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

DONALD L. CURRYt ◽

LESLIE L. BENNETT ◽

CHOH HAO LI

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Steady State ◽

Dynamic Response ◽

Insulin Release ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Human Growth ◽

Mesocricetus Auratus ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Biphasic Pattern

SUMMARY The hamster exhibits a biphasic pattern of insulin secretion; however, the dynamic response differs qualitatively from that of the rat in that there is a steady-state second release phase. A marked attenuation of insulin secretion as a result of hypophysectomy was observed after 3 weeks, but not after 2 weeks. This depression of insulin secretion was restored to near or above normal levels by bovine growth hormone, human growth hormone, and prolactin.

Download Full-text