The Effect of a High Intake of Calcium and Phosphate in Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Clarkson ◽  
C. Durrant ◽  
M. E. Phillips ◽  
P. E. Gower ◽  
R. F. Jewkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Plasma Phosphate ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
High Calcium

1. Two normal subjects and ten patients with chronic renal failure were given 15 or 20 g of calcium carbonate in the morning and 5·6 or 8·4 g of calcium phosphate in the evening for 13–41 days. 2. During the high calcium and phosphate intake there was a rise in calcium and phosphate absorption from the gut in the normal subjects and to about the same extent in the patients with chronic renal failure. 3. The calcium and phosphate balances became positive while there was a rise in plasma calcium and a fall in plasma phosphate. There was also a fall in urinary phosphate excretion.

Calcium phosphate product level as a predictor for arteriovenous fistula re-operations in patients with chronic renal failure

Vascular ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Erin Tüysüz ◽  
Mehmet Dedemoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Phosphate Product ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives There is an increased calcium phosphate product level causing the formation of calcification in the arterial wall and thus decreased quality of fistula in patients with chronic renal failure. The purpose of our study is to verify the relationship between arteriovenous fistula re-operation and high calcium phosphate product level. Methods Seventy-nine consecutive patients with chronic renal failure between April 2016 and February 2018 were included in the study. Patients having calcium phosphate product level ≥50 mg2/dl2 were defined as group 1, whereas those having <50 mg2/dl2 were defined as group 2. Primary outcome of interest was the need for re-operation during the follow-up and to determine the risk factors for re-operation. To determine independent predictors for re-operation, multivariate logistic regression model was used. Results The rates of redo and tredo operation were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 ( p = 0.01 and 0.04). In multivariate analysis, phosphate (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.00–3.40, p = 0.05) and triglyceride (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02, p = 0.04) levels for redo operation and calcium phosphate product level (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22, p = 0.03) for tredo operation were found to be independent predictors. Conclusions High calcium phosphate product level leads to increased risk of arteriovenous fistula re-operation by causing arterial stiffness in this patient group. Additionally, these re-operations place additional burden on morbidity and cost efficacy. Thus, we recommend keeping the calcium phosphate product level at the optimal level in these patients to avoid both the risk of arteriovenous fistula re-operation and the other cardiovascular problems.

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Severe Chronic Renal Failure Is Corrected by Very-Low Dietary Phosphate Intake and Calcium Carbonate Supplementation

Nephron ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Barsotti ◽  
Adamasco Cupisti ◽  
Ester Morelli ◽  
Mario Meola ◽  
Vincenzo Cozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Dietary Phosphate

The Effect of a High Intake of Calcium and Phosphate in Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 16P-17P
Author(s):  
P. E. Gower ◽  
E. M. Clarkson ◽  
C. Durrant ◽  
M.E. Phillips ◽  
R. F. Jewkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Intake

Evidence for an Increased Generation of Prostacyclin in the Microvasculature and an Impairment of the Platelet α-Granule Release in Chronic Renal Failure

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Felix Stockenhuber ◽  
Brigitte Brenner ◽  
Heinz Gössinger ◽  
Christian Korninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Uraemia ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Granule Release

SummaryThe formation of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 and the release of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) at the site of platelet-vessel wall interaction, i.e. in blood emerging from a standardized injury of the micro vasculature made to determine bleeding time, was studied in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure undergoing regular haemodialysis and in normal subjects. In the uraemic patients, levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were 1.3-fold to 6.3-fold higher than the corresponding values in the control subjects indicating an increased PGI2 formation in chronic uraemia. Formation of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) at the site of plug formation in vivo and during whole blood clotting in vitro was similar in the uraemic subjects and in the normals excluding a major defect in platelet prostaglandin metabolism in chronic renal failure. Significantly smaller amounts of beta-TG were found in blood obtained from the site of vascular injury as well as after in vitro blood clotting in patients with chronic renal failure indicating an impairment of the a-granule release in chronic uraemia. We therefore conclude that the haemorrhagic diathesis commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure is - at least partially - due to an acquired defect of the platelet a-granule release and an increased generation of PGI2 in the micro vasculature.

Fluorescent substances in uremic and normal serum.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1988-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shaykh ◽  
N Bazilinski ◽  
D S McCaul ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
A Dubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Intense Fluorescence

Abstract We measured the fluorescence, at various excitation (Ex) and emission (Em) wavelengths, of serum ultrafiltrates and fractions of serum resolved by chromatography on Sephadex G15, studying both normal subjects and patients in chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis. We found hitherto undescribed fluorescence at Ex 380 nm/Em 440 nm and Ex 400 nm/Em 460 nm, the intensity being greatly increased in patients with chronic renal failure in comparison with normal subjects (p less than 0.005). This fluorescence persisted unaltered when serum was filtered through membranes having cutoffs ranging from 10 000 to 500 Da. Each serum fraction resolved by gel chromatography demonstrated a characteristic fluorescence, which was generally much more intense in uremics. The most intense fluorescence (Ex 380 nm/Em 440 nm and Ex 400 nm/Em 460 nm) was emitted in the higher-Mr fractions.

Parathyrin radioimmunoassay: diagnostic utility of antisera produced against carboxyl-terminal fragments of the hormone from the human.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
F P Di Bella ◽  
J M Kehrwald ◽  
K Laakso ◽  
L Zitzner
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal

Abstract Antisera directed toward the carboxyl-terminal region of human parathyrin (parathyroid hormone), for use in daignostically applicable radioimmunoassays of the hormone in serum, are scarce, largely because of the lack of suitable immunogens of human origin. We produced four antisera in goats and guinea pigs by immunization with recently discovered carboxyl-terminal fragments of human parathyrin extracted from parathyroid tumors. Here, we report results of radioimmunoassays of nearly 200 normal and pathological sera with one of these antisera; we observed almost complete differentiation between concentrations of parathyrin in serum of healthy normal subjects and patients with primary, secondary (due to chronic renal failure), or "ectopic" hyperparathyroidism (due to nonparathyroid cancer). The availability of a new immunogen should now make possible the deliberate production of large quantities of diagnostically applicable parathyrin antisera directed toward the carboxyl-terminal region of human parathyrin. This should, in turn, lead to more widespread availability of this useful radioimmunoassay.

Plasma β-Thromboglobulin And Platelet Factor 4 In Patients With Chronic Renal Failure And Effect Of Hemodialysis

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Endo ◽  
M Mamiya ◽  
K Takahashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
The Difference

We have reported that jS-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) increased in chronic renal failure. The purpose of the current study is to reveal a correlation between plasma β-TG (Amersham Corp. England) and renal function, a correlation between plasma β-TG and PF. (Abbott Lab., USA) and the effect of hemodialysis on patients with chronic renal failure.Significantly increased levels of plasma β-TG (76.8±25.5 ng/ml, p<0.01) were observed in 24 patients with chronic renal failure (BUN>20mg/dl), compared to normal subjects (13.2±5.6ng/ml). The increase in β-TG was highly correlated with BUN (r=0.651, p<0.01), creatinine (r=0.778, p<0.01) and creatinine clearance (r=-0.723, p<0.01). Although plasma PF4 (normal 5.0±2.0ng/ml) increased also, no statistical significance could be found. Statistical correlation between β-TG and PF4 was not found in these patients. This reason is thought to Be due to the difference of molecular weight (PF. 8000MW, β-TG 36000MW) and half-life (PF4 30min,β-TG 100min) The high levels of β-TG (89.4±3.4ng/ml) showed a further increase (109.4±5.8ng/dl, p<0.01) after dialysis. This is thought to be due to hemoconcentration, because of no adhesion of platelet to cellulose membrane but about 20% elevation in mean of other blood factors such as RBC, WBC, platelet, fibrinogen etc. The PF4 levels (before, 7.7±1.3ng/ml) which increased at 15min (55.2±19.6ng/ml, p<0.01) and 1 hr (23.7±8.4ng/ml, p< 0.01) are thought to be due to the influence of heparin infusion. The change in PF4. was not accompanied by the change in β-TG. During hemodialysis the decrease of other platelet functions such as adhesiveness, aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and PF3remained unchanged.

Inhibitors of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Renal Disease

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Bennett ◽  
D. Ogston
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Serum Inhibitor

1. Levels of serum inhibitor of plasminogen activation, anti-plasmin and plasminogen activator were measured in normal subjects and patients with active glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure. 2. Patients with active glomerulonephritis all had grossly elevated levels of serum inhibitor of plasminogen activation and significant elevation of anti-plasmin. The majority of activator levels lay at the lower end of the normal range. 3. Patients with chronic renal failure had significantly elevated levels of serum inhibitor of plasminogen activation and anti-plasmin, but the changes were less marked than in those with active glomerulonephritis. Activator levels were consistently reduced. 4. The marked inhibition of fibrinolysis in active glomerulonephritis may be a factor in the persistence of glomerular fibrin and ultimately in perpetuation of renal damage. The changes in the fibrinolytic system in chronic renal failure may determine the development of the serosal exudates characteristic of that condition.

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