Changes in Body Fluid Distribution and Interstitial Tissue Compliance during the Development and Reversal of Experimental Renal Hypertension in the Rat

1. To determine the part played by changes in interstitial tissue compliance in the mechanism of experimental renal hypertension, pressure and volume measurements were made in rats 60 days after partial constriction of one renal artery with a clip and removal of the opposite kidney. Tissue pressure and venous pressure were found to be significantly higher in rats which developed systolic arterial blood pressure of 140 mmHg or above than in loosely clipped controls with normal blood pressure. Plasma volume (PV) was also increased in the hypertensive animals, but there was no difference in interstitial fluid volume (IFV); the PV/IFV ratio was significantly higher in the hypertensive rats. 2. Removal of the clip in the hypertensive rats restored blood pressure to normal in 1 h; this was associated with a fall in venous pressure and plasma volume. Tissue pressure fell despite a rise in interstitial fluid volume; the PV/IFV ratio fell. 3. It is suggested that renal artery constriction, possibly by a humoral mechanism, causes a fall in interstitial space compliance and that this, by causing changes in body fluid distribution, plays a part in the mechanism of experimental renal hypertension. This mechanism may have a physiological role in the maintenance of adequate plasma volume during water shortage.

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Renal Control of Changes in the Compliance of the Interstitial Space: A Factor in the Aetiology of Renoprival Hypertension

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0440397 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 397-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. Lucas ◽

M. A. Floyer

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Venous Pressure ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Interstitial Space ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽

Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽

Interstitial Tissue ◽

Tissue Pressure

1. Measurements of plasma volume, haematocrit, extracellular fluid volume, blood pressure, venous pressure and interstitial tissue pressure were made in rats 4 days after unilateral nephrectomy. Measurements were repeated either 4 days after subsequent removal of the remaining kidney, or 4 days after anastomosis of the remaining ureter with the inferior vena cava. Extracellular fluid volume was expanded by giving 0.5% saline by mouth: in one series blood volume was expanded by injections of blood. 2. Plasma volume (PV) rose more after bilateral nephrectomy (BN), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) more after unilateral nephrectomy and ureterocaval anastomosis (UNUCA). The PV/ECFV ratio was significantly higher after BN. 3. Blood pressure and venous pressure rose after BN but not after UNUCA. Interstitial tissue pressure (TP) rose more after BN in spite of greater expansion of interstitial fluid volume (IFV = ECFV-PV) after UNUCA. The ratio ΔIFV/ΔTP was several times less after BN than after UNUCA. 4. Interstitial space compliance was estimated by measuring changes in IFV and TP 10 min after a saline infusion (compliance = ΔIFV/ΔTP). After UNUCA there was little change from values obtained after unilateral nephrectomy alone; following BN compliance fell severalfold. 5. It is suggested that changes in compliance of the interstitial space may be brought about by a substance secreted by the kidney and represent a hitherto undetected mechanism by which plasma volume is maintained constant under different conditions of hydration. Changes in interstitial space compliance may also play a part in the aetiology of renoprival hypertension by raising tissue pressure, and thus venous pressure and cardiac output.

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Mechanism of Early and Chronic Experimental Renal Hypertension as Tested by CCK-179

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.186.1.161 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 186 (1) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irene H. Oyen

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Flow ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Renal Plasma Flow ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Maximal Effect ◽

Renal Effects ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension

The effects on blood pressure and renal clearances of a combination of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids, CCK-179, were studied in normal dogs and dogs with experimental renal (Goldblatt) hypertension. The drug was observed to have a maximal effect at 0.012 mg/kg, about one twelfth to one sixteenth the dose recommended in the literature. In normal dogs the drug causes a slight fall in blood pressure, a moderate decrease in glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance) and a pronounced decrease in renal plasma flow (PAH clearance), hemodynamic effects resembling those seen in man. After repeated administration of the drug, the renal effects are of greater magnitude in these dogs. In hypertensive dogs, CCK-179 causes blood pressure to approach normal levels. In the early weeks of hypertension, the renal effects of the drug are similar to those seen in normals but as hypertension increases in duration up to 55 weeks, the decreases in filtration rate and plasma flow become progressively smaller. This could indicate that in chronic experimental renal hypertension the high peripheral resistance is maintained at least in part by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system rather than by the action of the components of the renal humoral pressor system.

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Blood pressure-independent effects of enhanced NO/cGMP signalling and gender on aortic remodelling in experimental renal hypertension

BMC Pharmacology ◽

10.1186/1471-2210-9-s1-p19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. P19

Author(s):

Bianca Grosz ◽

Stephanie Krämer ◽

Tanja Loof ◽

Hans H Neumayer ◽

Yingrui Wang-Rosenke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Cgmp Signalling ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽

Pressure Independent ◽

And Gender ◽

Independent Effects

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Salt, Frusemide and Renin in Severe Experimental Renal Hypertension

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs051129s ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 51 (s3) ◽

pp. 129s-132s

Author(s):

M. Fernandes ◽

G. Onesti ◽

R. Dykyj ◽

R. Fiorentini ◽

Anne B. Gould ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Early Phase ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

High Sodium ◽

High Sodium Intake ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽

High Sodium Diet

1. Sodium-deficient diet failed to alter development and maintenance of severe renal hypertension produced in the rat by ligation of the aorta between the renal arteries. 2. High sodium diet did not alter the early phase of this hypertension, but significantly decreased blood pressure elevation in the late phases. 3. The decrease in blood pressure produced by high sodium intake does not appear to be mediated by renin suppression. 4. Frusemide effectively reduced blood pressure and renin at all phases.

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STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.77.4.297 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 297-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Harry Goldblatt ◽

Joseph R. Kahn ◽

Harvey A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Artery ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Renal Arteries ◽

Experimental Hypertension ◽

Long Duration ◽

Humoral Mechanism ◽

Main Renal Artery ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽

The One

Persistent hypertension has been produced in the goat and sheep by constriction of the main renal arteries. The presence or absence of accompanying uremia depends upon the degree of constriction of the renal arteries. In both sheep and goat, constriction of one main renal artery also caused elevation of the blood pressure which tended to persist longer than in the dog. Excision of the one kidney with main renal artery constricted resulted in a prompt (24 hours) return of the blood pressure to normal. In the animals with hypertension of long duration but without renal excretory insufficiency, (the "benign" phase) no significant arterio- or arteriolosclerosis developed as a result of the hypertension alone. In the animals that had both hypertension and renal excretory insufficiency, (the "malignant" phase) the typical terminal arteriolar lesions developed in many organs. These lesions consisted of necrosis and fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles and necrotizing arteriolitis which should not be confused with arteriolosclerosis. The same humoral mechanism which is responsible for experimental renal hypertension in the dog and other animals also obtains in the pathogenesis of experimental renal hypertension in the sheep and goat.

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Effect of antirenin on blood pressure of rabbits with experimental renal hypertension

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.225.4.810 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 225 (4) ◽

pp. 810-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

JC Romero ◽

SW Hoobler ◽

TJ Kozak ◽

RJ Warzynski

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension

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The effect of renal denervation on the blood pressure in experimental renal hypertension

The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology ◽

10.1002/path.1700420116 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 141-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

W. Melville Arnott ◽

Robert J. Kellar

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Denervation ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension

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THE EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIETS ON EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.74.6.591 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 591-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Philipsborn ◽

L. N. Katz ◽

S. Rodbard

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein ◽

Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

The effect of high and low protein diets were studied on fourteen dogs in twenty-four different experiments. In only two of these animals, both with moderate renal excretory failure, was a reversible rise in blood pressure elicited by a high protein diet. The possible mechanisms involved in meeting an increased excretory load are discussed.

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