Adherence to Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet Can Decreased Risk of Age Associated Poor Muscle Strength; A Cross- Sectional from Kurdish Cohort Study

The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet aims to reduce dementia and the decline in brain health that often occurs as people get older. Loss of muscle strength (sarcopenia) is a geriatric syndrome that has associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The current study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to MIND diet and decrease the risk of age-associated poor muscle strength. This cross-sectional study was performed using data from Ravansar's non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 3181 adults (48.5% men) aged 35–65 years. The dietary intake of the studied participants was assessed by the use of a 114-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed by RaNCD cohort study. The MIND diet and the major dietary patterns were computed based on their dietary intake and three dietary patterns were identified including plant-based diet, high protein diet, and unhealthy diet. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand-held hydraulic handgrip dynamometer and poor HGS was defined as HGS less than 32.8 and 20.5 kg in men and women, respectively. We found that greater adherence to MIND diet was associated with lower risk of poor HGS (OR: 0.65; CI 95%: 0.51-0.83). Furthermore, participants who were in third tertiles of plant- based and high protein diet were more likely 37% and 33% lower risk of poor HGS (OR: 0.63; CI 95%: 0.5-0.79), (OR: 0.67; CI 95%: 0.54-0.84), respectively. On the other hand, greater following to unhealthy diet was related to higher risk of poor HGS (OR: 1.39; CI 95%: 1.11-1.74). Overall, our findings provide that adhere to plant- based and high protein diet, as well as MIND diet had protective effects on age related poor HGS, while adherence to unhealthy diet can developed age related poor HGS.

Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise and Prescribed Diet (Low in Carbohydrate and High Protein) Improve Mental Health in Obese Women

Objectives: Although, the association between mental health and obesity has been reported in different studies, the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and mental health is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a diet (low in carbohydrate and high protein) along with aerobic exercise on mental health in obese individuals. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese women (20 - 35 years; 80 - 100 kg, 160 ± 5.1 cm and body mass index (above 30) who lived in Qazvin, Iran were selected voluntarily. Dietary intakes during the past one- month was assessed using a quantitative questionnaire on food frequency. Additionally, Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to monitor the rate of depression. Subjects were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a balanced diet that was low in carbohydrates and high in protein based on the calculation of their metabolism, while at the same time engaging in aerobic exercise (walking) for 8 weeks with 75% of the maximum heart rate. Control group did not receive any intervention during the study period. The aerobic program was performed for eight weeks (4 sessions per week and 50 minutes per session). Results: The results showed that the rate of depression was significantly improved in experimental group (P = 0.001), however, no significant change was found for control group (P = 0.17) Conclusions: The present study showed that a low carb and high protein diet is positively associated with mental health improvement (anxiety, stress and depression).

EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIET IN ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND LEVEL OF INFLAMMATION ON SPRINT ATHLETE

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of "Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design".A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF α)in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling's method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44 /gHb, reduce (TNF α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24,989 / gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

Effect of high protein diet in activity of antioxidants and level of inflammation on sprint athlete

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of “Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design”. A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF-α) in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling’s method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α = 0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44/gHb, reduce (TNF-α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24.989/gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

LOW WEIGHT GAIN, BETTER GLYCAEMIA AND NO CENTRAL OBESITY ACHIEVED THROUGH A HIGH-PROTEIN DIET

A compendium of metabolic diseases associated with unhealthy habits plague the modern world today. Weight gain, hyperglycemia and excess adiposity are some of the metabolic diseases plaguing our modern society. Unhealthy dietary habits coupled with a sedentary lifestyle are recognized as important factors for the development of some metabolic illnesses. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were recognized as stemming from metabolic dysregulation due to the consumption of excess calories from certain macronutrients. Our objective in this study is to find out which diet most affects circulating blood glucose levels, body weight, and visceral fat tissue deposition. 35 male Sprague - Dawley rats were separated into five groups and were given five distinct diets for the duration of 8 weeks. The five diets are normal rat feed, high-fat, high-protein, high-sugar, and high-starch. The feeding provided was ad libitum with tap water given as drinking water. Every week, each rat was weighed, and blood were sampled for glucose. Post-sacrifice, mesenteric fat was harvested, fixed, and stained for histological analysis. The results revealed a high-protein diet significantly reduces body weight gain, improved blood sugar with no development of central obesity. At the same time, a high-fat diet was shown to be a promoter of mesenteric fat tissue hypertrophy. It was concluded that the consumption of a high-protein diet was found to achieve low weight gain, better glycaemia with no central obesity.

A High Protein Diet Is More Effective in Improving Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Variability Compared to a Mediterranean Diet—A Cross-Over Controlled Inpatient Dietary Study

The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10−3); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10−4), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.

Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration on Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Composition in 18–23-Month-Old Hanwoo Steers

The present study evaluated the influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and the expression of lipid metabolic genes in intramuscular adipose tissues from 18- to 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, representing the switching point of the lean-to-fat ratio. Forty steers with an initial live weight of 486 ± 37 kg were assigned to one of two treatment groups fed either a concentrate diet with 14.5% CP and or with 17% CP for 6 months. Biopsy samples of intramuscular tissue were collected to analyze the fatty acid composition and gene expression at 23 months of age. Throughout the entire experimental period, all steers were restrained twice daily to allow individual feeding. Growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass traits, according to ultrasonic measurements, were not affected by the experimental diets. The high-protein diet significantly increased the expression of intramuscular PPARα (p < 0.1) and LPL (p < 0.05) but did not affect genes involved in fatty acid uptake (CD36 and FABP4) nor lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, and SCD). In addition, it downregulated intramuscular VLCAD (p < 0.01) related to lipogenesis but also GPAT1 (p = 0.001), DGAT2 (p = 0.016), and SNAP23 (p = 0.057), which are involved in fatty acid esterification and adipocyte size. Hanwoo steers fed a high-protein diet at 18–23 months of age resulted in a relatively lower lipid turnover rate than steers fed a low-protein diet, which could be responsible for shortening the feeding period.

FORMULATION AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF HIGH PROTEIN DIET PRODUCED FROM YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays) SOYA BEAN (GLYCINE MAX), PUMPKIN (Cucurbita pepo) SEED AND FISH (Alestes nurse) MEAL

The aim of this study was to produce high protein diet for growing children from yellow maize, soya bean, pumpkin seed and fish meal. The raw materials were subjected to different processing techniques. The yellow maize (YM) was blended with different proportions of soya bean (SB), pumpkin seeds (PS) and fish meal (FM) with a view to formulating a high protein diet to address protein Energy Malnutrition. The formulated food Blends were; Blend 1 (70 % YM: 30 % SB), Blend 2 (70 % YM: 30 % PS), Blend 3 (70 % YM: 30 % FM), Blend 4 (70 % YM: 20 % SB :10 % PS), Blend 5 (70 % YM: 15 % SB: 15 % FM), Blend 6 (60 % YM: 20 % PS: 20 % FM), and a therapeutic milk (F-100) was used as a control diet. The raw materials and the food Blends were assayed for proximate, mineral, vitamin content and amino acid profile. The data obtained were analyzed statistically. The results of the proximate composition showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in moisture, protein, total fat and fibre contents of the fermented yellow maize, roasted soya bean and pumpkin seed while that of the dried fish showed significant (P<0.05) increase. The results shows that food Blend 6 had highest values for protein (17.77±0.09 %), total fat (6.00±0.27%) and total energy (388.10±0.29 Kcal/100g). A Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in the mineral element content of yellow maize and fish meal after fermentation and drying respectively, while an increase was observed in roasted soya bean and pumpkin seed. The food Blend 5 recorded higher value for Na, and K, while the control diet had higher value for P, Zn, Fe and Cu. An increase in B-group vitamins, and vitamin C, were observed in the samples, while decreased in fat soluble vitamins A and E were observed in fermented yellow maize and dried fish, while decrease was observed in roasted soybean and pumpkin seed. The control diet had higher value for all the vitamins analyzed compared to the food Blends, except for vitamin A and E. The result of the amino acid profile showed that the levels of the essential amino acids were increased in the fermented yellow maize, and dried fish, while a reduction was observed in roasted soya bean and pumpkin seed. However, all the prepared food Blends were enhanced in terms of essential amino acid, but more enhanced in food Blend 6, followed very closely by food Blend 5. The amino acid profile of the control Blend was higher than those of the food Blends1, 2, 3 and 4. Thus, the high energy and protein contents of the formulated diets are adequate in the management of PEM.