scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers: potential allies in the COVID-19 pandemic instead of a threat?

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014
Author(s):  
Fedor Simko ◽  
Tomas Baka
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Ras Pathway ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Ras Inhibitors

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the leading player of the protective renin–angiotensin system (RAS) pathway but also the entry receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RAS inhibitors seemed to interfere with the ACE2 receptor, and their safety was addressed in COVID-19 patients. Pedrosa et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2021), 135, 465–481) showed in rats that captopril and candesartan up-regulated ACE2 expression and the protective RAS pathway in lung tissue. In culture of pneumocytes, the captopril/candesartan-induced ACE2 up-regulation was associated with inhibition of ADAM17 activity, counterbalancing increased ACE2 expression, which was associated with reduced SARS-CoV-2 spike protein entry. If confirmed in humans, these results could become the pathophysiological background for justifying RAS inhibitors as cornerstone cardiovascular protectives even during COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or sartans in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events: a wrong question or an undesirable answer

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
S R Gilyarevsky ◽  
V A Orlov ◽  
I M Kuzmina ◽  
M V Golshmid
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Blockers

The paper discusses current views on the role of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers to prevent severe cardiovascular events. It gives both respective documentary information and experts’ opinions. The possible causes of clinical inertness defining deviations in the tactics of using drugs that suppress the activity of the renin-angiotensin system are considered.

Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on pulmonary function in hypertensive patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza S. Jabbar ◽  
Nadheera F. Neamah ◽  
Ahmed H. Al-Darraji
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Abstract Objectives Hypertension is a very common cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used to treat hypertension. Many patients with hypertension are vulnerable to the antihypertensive adverse effects, which potentially reduces the adherence rate. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to evaluate the safety profile of both classes (ACEi and ARBs) on respiratory functions. Methods Two main groups of subjects were studied: first group is healthy control subjects and the second group is hypertensive patients, which was subdivided into subgroups in order to investigate the effect of all tested medications (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, losartan, and valsartan). Respiratory efficiency was evaluated by measuring pulmonary function tests: FEV1, FVC, and FEV1%. Measurements were done using micromedical spirometer. Results We found that ARBs do not impair normal respiratory functions as measured by FEV1, FEV1%, and FVC in hypertensive patients. While ACEi treatments significantly reduced FEV1, FEV1%, and FVC compared to the other groups. Conclusions ARBs are not associated with any harmful effects on respiratory functions in hypertensive patients, unlike ACEi. As such, they could represent a first-choice treatment for hypertensive patients who are at high risk to the respiratory adverse effects.

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