Temporal-Phonemic Processing Skills in Adult Stutterers and Nonstutterers

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Meyers ◽  
Larry F. Hughes ◽  
Zahrl G. Schoeny
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Normal Controls

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that stuttering is related to a dysfunction in auditory temporal processing. The performance of 20 adult male stutterers and 20 matched nonstutterers was studied using two auditory processing tasks. The subjects listened to stimuli with differential onset asynchronies during temporal order judgment (TOJ) and dichotic listening tasks. Stutterers and nonstutterers were not significantly different at judging which ear received the stimulation first (TOJ task) at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). During the dichotic listening task, stutterers made significantly fewer double-correct responses (correct report for both stimuli in a dichotic pair) than nonstutterers. The stuttering subjects correctly classified one of the syllables in a pair (single-correct response) more frequently than normal controls on the dichotic listening task. These findings suggest that SOAs as a temporal parameter do not differentiate the performance of the two groups. The more difficult auditory processing task (dichotic identification) showed a significant difference in the performance of the stutterers versus nonstutterers.

Previously reward-associated sounds interfere with goal-directed auditory processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199003
Author(s):  
Andy J Kim ◽  
David S Lee ◽  
Brian A Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Visual Domain

Previously reward-associated stimuli have consistently been shown to involuntarily capture attention in the visual domain. Although previously reward-associated but currently task-irrelevant sounds have also been shown to interfere with visual processing, it remains unclear whether such stimuli can interfere with the processing of task-relevant auditory information. To address this question, we modified a dichotic listening task to measure interference from task-irrelevant but previously reward-associated sounds. In a training phase, participants were simultaneously presented with a spoken letter and number in different auditory streams and learned to associate the correct identification of each of three letters with high, low, and no monetary reward, respectively. In a subsequent test phase, participants were again presented with the same auditory stimuli but were instead instructed to report the number while ignoring spoken letters. In both the training and test phases, response time measures demonstrated that attention was biased in favour of the auditory stimulus associated with high value. Our findings demonstrate that attention can be biased towards learned reward cues in the auditory domain, interfering with goal-directed auditory processing.

Dichotic Perception and Memory Following Electroconvulsive Treatment for Depression

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Williams ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
Ronald A. Remick ◽  
Patrick Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Electroconvulsive Treatment ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Listening Ability ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Normal Controls

Verbal and visuospatial memory and dichotic listening performance were examined in 15 acutely depressed patients with no history of ECT, 17 depressed patients currently in remission, 15 remitted depressed patients who had received ECT six months or more in the past, and 20 normal controls. The neuropsychological functioning of an additional group of 10 acutely depressed patients was also studied before and two weeks after ECT. The results revealed some evidence of logical and autobiographical memory impairment two weeks following ECT, but no evidence that ECT impaired dichotic listening ability. Rather, a normalisation of hemispheric laterality was apparent on the dichotic listening task following ECT and the concomitant relief from depression. There was also no evidence of cognitive dysfunction on any task in individuals who were tested six months or more following their last ECT treatment.

Auditory Processing and Cluttering in Young Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Blood ◽  
Ingrid M. Blood ◽  
Glen Tellis
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Speech Task ◽  
Compressed Speech ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Listening Task

This study examined the differences among scores on four tests of auditory processing of 6 children who clutter and 6 control subjects matched for age. sex, and grade. Scores on a consonant-vowel dichotic listening task indicated that directing the attention of the attended ear improved the percentage of correct responses for both groups of children. Those who clutter, however, showed a greater percentage of change during the directed right and left ear conditions. Cluttering children performed poorer on right and left competing conditions of the Staggered Spondaic Word Test. No differences were found between groups for the auditory attention task and the time-compressed speech task. Implications for processing of dichotic stimuli and diagnosis of children who clutter are discussed.

Creativity and Attention: Insights From the Dichotic Listening Task

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oshin A. Vartanian ◽  
Colin Martindale ◽  
Jessica Matthews ◽  
Jonna M. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Listening Task

Intentional attention switching in dichotic listening: Exploring the efficiency of nonspatial and spatial selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2010-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lawo ◽  
Janina Fels ◽  
Josefa Oberem ◽  
Iring Koch
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Feature Dimension ◽  
Listening Task

Using an auditory variant of task switching, we examined the ability to intentionally switch attention in a dichotic-listening task. In our study, participants responded selectively to one of two simultaneously presented auditory number words (spoken by a female and a male, one for each ear) by categorizing its numerical magnitude. The mapping of gender (female vs. male) and ear (left vs. right) was unpredictable. The to-be-attended feature for gender or ear, respectively, was indicated by a visual selection cue prior to auditory stimulus onset. In Experiment 1, explicitly cued switches of the relevant feature dimension (e.g., from gender to ear) and switches of the relevant feature within a dimension (e.g., from male to female) occurred in an unpredictable manner. We found large performance costs when the relevant feature switched, but switches of the relevant feature dimension incurred only small additional costs. The feature-switch costs were larger in ear-relevant than in gender-relevant trials. In Experiment 2, we replicated these findings using a simplified design (i.e., only within-dimension switches with blocked dimensions). In Experiment 3, we examined preparation effects by manipulating the cueing interval and found a preparation benefit only when ear was cued. Together, our data suggest that the large part of attentional switch costs arises from reconfiguration at the level of relevant auditory features (e.g., left vs. right) rather than feature dimensions (ear vs. gender). Additionally, our findings suggest that ear-based target selection benefits more from preparation time (i.e., time to direct attention to one ear) than gender-based target selection.

Responses of Stuttering and Non-Stuttering Children to a Dichotic Listening Task

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gruber ◽  
R. L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Listening Task

Performance on a dichotic listening task of 28 normally speaking and 28 stuttering elementary and high school children showed no significant inter-ear differences. These results do not support the idea that stuttering results from lack of cerebral dominance for speech.

Temporal-Order Judgment and Reaction Time to Stimuli of Different Rise Times

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Point Of Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
The Subject

Point of subjective simultaneity and simple reaction time were compared for stimuli with different rise times. It was found that these measures behave differently. To explain the result it is suggested that in the case of temporal-order judgment the subject takes into account not only the stimulus onset but also other events connected with stimulus presentation.

Are ‘‘Dichotic’’ Deficits Uniquely Dichotic? Investigating Dichotic Performance with the Dichotic Digits Difference Test (DDdT) in a Large Clinical Population of Children Referred for an Auditory Processing Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Cameron ◽  
Harvey Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Central Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Listening Task

Background: Previous studies in a large population of typically developing (TD) children and a smallclinical group showed high correlations between the dichotic and diotic conditions of the Dichotic Digitsdifference Test (DDdT), as well as between DDdT performance and measures of memory and attention.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the performance on the DDdT in a large clinical sample.Research Design: Correlational analysis between the DDdT diotic condition and the dichotic free recall (FR)right-ear, left-ear, and total (ear-averaged) conditions, as well as between DDdT and memory performance.Study Sample: One hundred one children (6 years, 3 months to 15 years, 0 months, mean 9 years, 6 months)were referred for assessment to the Australian Hearing Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) service.Results were compared with data from 112 TD children collected from previously published studies.Data Collection and Analysis: Z-scores were used to account for the effect of age on performance.Mean differences between clinical and TD children were investigated using analysis of variance(ANOVA). Pearson product-moment correlations determined the strength of relationships between DDdTconditions and the number memory forward (NMF) and reversed (NMR) subtests of the Test of AuditoryProcessing Skills—Third Edition.Results: Performance by the clinical group on the DDdT dichotic FR (RE, LE, and total) conditions wassignificantly correlated with the diotic condition (r = 0.7; 0.7, 0.8; p < 0.001). Significant correlations werefound between the DDdT diotic and dichotic FR conditions and the NMF (r = 0.5–0.6, p < 0.001) andNMR (r = 0.2–0.5, p < 0.025–0.001). ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the TD andclinical groups (p = 1.0000) in respect to the advantage they got from dichotic listening (calculated asdichotic FR total minus diotic score). Multiple regression revealed that diotic performance and short-termmemory accounted for 68% of the variation in dichotic performance. Random measurement erroraccounted for a further 16%.Conclusions: Factors other than dichotic performance strongly impact a child’s ability to perform a dichoticdigit listening task. This result has widespread implications in respect to the interpretation of CAPDtest results.

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