Cytogenetic analysis of Australian tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae): chromosome number, sex-determining system and localization of rDNA genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galian ◽  
P. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Tiger Beetles

scholarly journals Genome size, chromosome number, and rDNA organisation in Algerian populations of Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae), a basic plant for animal feeding facing overgrazing erosion

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 043
Author(s):  
Youcef Bougoutaia ◽  
Sònia Garcia ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
Meriem Kaid-Harche ◽  
Joan Vallès
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Basic Plant ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes ◽  
First Time

Artemisia herba-alba is a largely-distributed and often landscape-dominating taxon in arid areas of the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions. In Algeria, in 2010 its communities covered 10% of the steppe territory, but its populations have been subjected to overgrazing. A karyological study based on 22 populations together with a cytogenetic characterisation of this species has been performed for the first time in Algerian materials, through genome size and chromosome number determination. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was also used to assess the rDNA loci number and distribution in the two ploidy levels detected. The studied accessions are diploid (2n = 2x = 18 chromosomes, 6 populations) or tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36 chromosomes, 15 populations). One population, occupying a more or less central geographic position among the studied area, presented both cytotypes. Genome size reflects well the two ploidy levels, with no evidence of downsizing with polyploidy. The karyotypes are rather symmetric (2A Stebbins’ class). FISH analyses detected four signals (2 loci) in diploid and eight signals (4 loci) in tetraploid cytotypes for both ribosomal DNA genes, which present an L-type (linked) organisation, i.e. with loci from both rDNA genes colocalised. The presence of two ploidy levels suggest a genomic dynamism and even a possible differentiation underlying the morphological uniformity and despite the dramatic decrease experienced by this plant in Algeria in terms of surface coverage.

Genetik der Ataxie - Teleangiectasie

1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ferák ◽  
J. Benko ◽  
E. Čajková
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Responsible Gene ◽  
The One

SUMMARYThe syndrome of ataxia-telangiectasia was studied from a genetic standpoint on a material consisting of 7 original cases from four families, and of 31 cases from the literature. A cytogenetic analysis in one patient showed the normal diploid chromosome number, while the application of Brugger's test showed a random distribution of affected members in the investigated sibships. The observed frequency of affected individuals corresponds to the one to be expected, assuming a recessive monofactorial inheritance of the syndrome. Considering the small number of consanguineous marriages observed between parents of affected individuals, the conclusion can be drawn that ataxia-telangiectasia is not so rare a condition as it is generally assumed. The responsible gene shows a pleiotropic and lethal effect.

scholarly journals Identification of putative origin of Iris pumila L. karyotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Twardovska ◽  
I. O. Andreev ◽  
V. A. Kunakh
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Mitotic Metaphase ◽  
Putative Origin ◽  
Iris Pumila ◽  
High Level

Aim. The study was aimed at cytogenetic analysis of Iris pumila, I. attica, and I. pseudopumila, comparative study of the karyotypes of these species, as well as identification of putative origin of I. pumila karyotype. Methods. Cytogenetic analysis of root apical meristem, determination of chromosome number in mitotic metaphase plates, anaphase analysis. Results. The chromosome numbers observed were 2n=32 for I. pumila plants from different localities in Ukraine and 2n=16 for I. attica and I. pseudopumila plants from Greece and Italy, respectively. Some of the plants were mixoploids, the smallest proportion of mixoploids was in I. pseudopumila (10.9%) and the largest in I.pumila from all studied populations (60-80%). Anaphase analysis showed the presence of chromosomal aberrations in 2.6% of cells in roots of I. pseudopumila seedlings. The highest level of structural chromosomal aberrations (9.2%) was found in root apical meristem cells of I. pumila seedlings. Conclusions. The chromosome number was established as 2n=32 for I.pumila plants and 2n=16 for I. attica and I. pseudopumila plants. The high level of mixoploidy (60–80% of mixoploid plants) and anaphase chromosomal aberrations (up to 9.2%) was found in apical meristem of I. pumila seedlings. The amphidipiloid nature of I. pumila was established; the karyotype of the species could be formed as a result of a combination of chromosome sets from hypothetical ancestral species I. attica and I. pseudopumila. Keywords: Iris pumila L., Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr., Iris pseudopumila Tineo, chromosome number, amphidiploid, mixoploidy.

scholarly journals Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sadílek ◽  
Robert B. Angus ◽  
František Šťáhlavský ◽  
Jitka Vilímová
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Chromosome Research ◽  
Holokinetic Chromosomes ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Embryo Tissue ◽  
Mitosis And Meiosis ◽  
Cytogenetic Methods

In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue inCimexlectulariusLinnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method.The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tissues of eggs and midgut epithelium are not suitable. Metaphase II is the only division phase in which sex chromosomes can be clearly distinguished. Chromosome number determination is easy during metaphase I and metaphase II. Spreading of gonad tissue is a suitable method for the cytogenetic analysis of holokinetic chromosomes ofCimexlectularius.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis of the Amazon stingless bee Melipona seminigra merrillae reveals different chromosome number for the genus

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaura Bezerra Francini ◽  
Maria Claudia Gross ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Nunes-Silva ◽  
Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Stingless Bee

Chromosomal Analysis of Ctenolucius hujeta Valenciennes, 1850 (Characiformes): A New Piece in the Chromosomal Evolution of the Ctenoluciidae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
José Souza ◽  
Erika Guimarães ◽  
Vanessa Pinheiro-Figliuolo ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Luiz A.C. Bertollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Chromosomal Markers ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon

Ctenoluciidae (Characiformes), a family of freshwater fishes, comprises 2 genera, <i>Ctenolucius</i> and <i>Boulengerella</i>, with 7 recognized species. Up to now, only species of the genus <i>Boulengerella</i> have been subjected to cytogenetic studies. Here, we investigated the karyotype and other cytogenetic features of pike characin, <i>Ctenolucius hujeta</i>, using conventional (Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR staining) and molecular (rDNA, telomeric sequences, and fiber-FISH mapping) procedures. This species has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 36, and a karyotype composed of 12m + 20sm + 4a and FN = 68, similar to that found in <i>Boulengerella</i> species. However, differences regarding the number and distribution of several chromosomal markers support a distinct generic status. Colocalization of the 18S and 5S rDNA genes is an exclusive characteristic of the <i>C. hujeta</i> genome, with an interspersed distribution in the chromosomal fiber, an unusual phenomenon among eukaryotes. Additionally, our results support the view that Ctenoluciidae and Lebiasinidae families are closely related.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Analysis of A Hoverfly Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-653
Author(s):  
Manvi Khajuria ◽  
Arshad Ayoub Bhatti ◽  
N.K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Metaphase I

Karyotypic, morphometric and meiotic details of a hoverfly, Eristalis tenax belonging to subfamily Eristalinae of family Syrphidae were studied during present investigation. This species is commonly known as drone fly due to its resemblance with the drones of honey bees. These are good pollinators and their larvae are called rat tailed maggots due to the presence of a long posterior tube for breathing. It showed diploid chromosome number 2n=12 (10+XY) in males. The sex mechanism is found to be XY, X is subtelocentric and Y is telocentric. Meiotic observations included leptotene, diplotene, metaphase-I and metaphase-II. Present studies will help to solve taxonomic problems with in the family Syrphidae and in general understanding of the course of evolution in order Diptera.

scholarly journals Introduction into in vitro culture and cytogenetic analysis of Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. and Iris pseudopumila Tineo plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Twardovska ◽  
I. O. Andreev ◽  
V. A. Kunakh
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
High Survival ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Level

Aim. The work was aimed at the development of conditions for introduction into in vitro culture of two species of irises, Iris attica and I. pseudopumila to obtain aseptic seedlings with subsequent reintroduction into natural environment, as well as at cytogenetic analysis of the obtained plants. Methods. In vitro seed germination and seedling cultivation. Cytogenetic analysis of cells of root meristem, determination of chromosome number and morphology in mitotic metaphase plates, anaphase analysis. Results. The plants of I. attica and I. pseudopumila were introduced in vitro. Aseptic seedlings were obtained, which were actively growing on MS/2 medium without phytohormones. The experiments on the adaptation of the plants to greenhouse conditions revealed the high survival rate for both species. The chromosome number 2n = 16 was established for the obtained plants of both I. attica and I. pseudopumila. Mixoploidy was detected in root meristem of some of the plants, the incidence of which was 10.9 % for I. pseudopumila and 30.4 % for I. attica. The frequency of cells with chromosomal rearrangements revealed by anaphase analysis in root meristem of I. pseudopumila seedlings was 2.6 %; in I. attica plants, chromosome aberrations were not detected. Conclusions. The plants of I. attica and I. pseudopumila were introduced into in vitro culture, aseptic seedlings were obtained, which showed a high survival level when adapted to greenhouse conditions. Chromosome number 2n = 16 was established for the obtained plants of both species. The root apical meristems of the seedlings were found to be mixoploid, with the incidence of mixoploidy in I. attica identified as three times higher than in I. pseudopumila plants.Keywords: I. attica Boiss. & Heldr., I. pseudopumila Tineo, aseptic seedlings, mixoploidy, anaphase aberration.

scholarly journals Localization and activity of rDNA genes in tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelinae)

Heredity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Galián ◽  
José Serrano ◽  
Pilar de la Rúa ◽  
Eduard Petitpierre ◽  
Carlos Juan
Keyword(s):  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Tiger Beetles
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