Theoretical foundations of deep learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-96
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

scholarly journals A Guide for Using Deep Learning for Complex Trait Genomic Prediction

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pérez-Enciso ◽  
Zingaretti
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Multilayer Perceptrons ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool to make accurate predictions from complex data such as image, text, or video. However, its ability to predict phenotypic values from molecular data is less well studied. Here, we describe the theoretical foundations of DL and provide a generic code that can be easily modified to suit specific needs. DL comprises a wide variety of algorithms which depend on numerous hyperparameters. Careful optimization of hyperparameter values is critical to avoid overfitting. Among the DL architectures currently tested in genomic prediction, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) seem more promising than multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). A limitation of DL is in interpreting the results. This may not be relevant for genomic prediction in plant or animal breeding but can be critical when deciding the genetic risk to a disease. Although DL technologies are not ”plug-and-play”, they are easily implemented using Keras and TensorFlow public software. To illustrate the principles described here, we implemented a Keras-based code in GitHub.

Theoretical Foundations of Deep Resonance Interference Network

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-362
Author(s):  
Christophe Thovex
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Reverse Engineer ◽  
Finite Space ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Hidden Data ◽  
Probabilistic Machine Learning ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Digital processes for banks, insurances, or public services generate big data. Hidden networks and weak signals from frauds activities are sometimes statistically undetectable in the endogenous data respective to processes. The organic intelligence of human experts is able to reverse-engineer new fraud scenarios without statistically significant characteristics, but machine learning usually needs to be taught about them or fails to this task. Deep resonance interference network is a multidisciplinary attempt in probabilistic machine learning inspired from waves temporal reversal in finite space, introduced for big data analysis and hidden data mining. It proposes a theoretical alternative to artificial neural networks for deep learning. It is presented along with experimental outcomes related to fraudulent processes generating data statistically similar to legal endogenous data. Results show particular findings probably due to the systemic nature of the model, which appears closer to reasoning and intuition processes than to the perception processes mainly simulated in deep learning.

Deep Learning

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stellan Ohlsson
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning

Intelligence artificielle : le futur de l’Orthodontie ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Foucart ◽  
Augustin Chavanne ◽  
Jérôme Bourriau
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Intelligence Artificielle ◽  
Set Up

Nombreux sont les apports envisagés de l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) en médecine. En orthodontie, plusieurs solutions automatisées sont disponibles depuis quelques années en imagerie par rayons X (analyse céphalométrique automatisée, analyse automatisée des voies aériennes) ou depuis quelques mois (analyse automatique des modèles numériques, set-up automatisé; CS Model +, Carestream Dental™). L’objectif de cette étude, en deux parties, est d’évaluer la fiabilité de l’analyse automatisée des modèles tant au niveau de leur numérisation que de leur segmentation. La comparaison des résultats d’analyse des modèles obtenus automatiquement et par l’intermédiaire de plusieurs orthodontistes démontre la fiabilité de l’analyse automatique; l’erreur de mesure oscillant, in fine, entre 0,08 et 1,04 mm, ce qui est non significatif et comparable avec les erreurs de mesures inter-observateurs rapportées dans la littérature. Ces résultats ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles perspectives quand à l’apport de l’IA en Orthodontie qui, basée sur le deep learning et le big data, devrait permettre, à moyen terme, d’évoluer vers une orthodontie plus préventive et plus prédictive.

Vollautomatische Quantifizierung der Volumina und Funktion des linken Ventrikels in der kardialen MRT: Evaluation eines Deep-Learning basierten Algorithmus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Böttcher ◽  
E Beller ◽  
A Busse ◽  
F Streckenbach ◽  
M Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning

Primäre ZNS-Lymphome: Vollautomatisierte Detektion und Segmentierung auf multiparametrischen MRT-Datensätzen mittels Deep-Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pennig ◽  
L Lourenco Caldeira ◽  
C Hoyer ◽  
L Görtz ◽  
R Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning
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