scholarly journals Laryngeal-EMG: frequency of superior laryngeal nerve involvement in iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic vocal fold paralysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Förster ◽  
K Klinge ◽  
A Nasr ◽  
A Müller
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Involvement ◽  
Laryngeal Emg

Cervical osteophytes presenting as unilateral vocal fold paralysis and dysphagia

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Yoskovitch ◽  
Stephen Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Extrinsic Compression ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Cervical Osteophytes

Any process involving either the vagus nerve, its recurrent laryngeal branch or the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve may cause paralysis of the vocal fold. The most common cause is neoplasm. Clinically, the patients often present with a hoarse, breathy voice as well as symptoms of aspiration. The following represents a unique case of unilateral vocal fold paralysis and dysphagia caused by a degenerative disease of the cervical spine, resluting in extrinsic compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Influence of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Injury on Glottal Configuration/Function of Thyroidectomy-Induced Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando De Virgilio ◽  
Ming-Hong Chang ◽  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
Ching-Ping Wang ◽  
Shang-Heng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury

Cross-Innervation of the Thyroarytenoid Muscle by a Branch from the External Division of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Nasri ◽  
Joel A. Sercarz ◽  
Pouneh Beizai ◽  
Young-Mo Kim ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Motor Innervation ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Stimulation Of

The neuroanatomy of the larynx was explored in seven dogs to assess whether there is motor innervation to the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle from the external division of the superior laryngeal nerve (ExSLN). In 3 animals, such innervation was identified. Electrical stimulation of microelectrodes applied to the ExSLN resulted in contraction of the TA muscle, indicating that this nerve is motor in function. This was confirmed by electromyographic recordings from the TA muscle. Videolaryngostroboscopy revealed improvement in vocal fold vibration following stimulation of the ExSLN compared to without it. Previously, the TA muscle was thought to be innervated solely by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This additional pathway from the ExSLN to the TA muscle may have important clinical implications in the treatment of neurologic laryngeal disorders such as adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Spontaneous regeneration of recurrent laryngeal nerve following long-term vocal fold paralysis in humans: Histologic evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Chen ◽  
Shicai Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chuansen Zhang ◽  
Hongliang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Histologic Evidence ◽  
Spontaneous Regeneration

Autologous Fat Injection for Vocal Fold Paralysis: Long-Term Histologic Evaluation

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren S. Zaretsky ◽  
Michael deTar ◽  
Maisie L. Shindo ◽  
Dale H. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Fat Injection ◽  
Autologous Fat ◽  
Alloplastic Materials ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle

Many techniques have been developed for medialization of the paralyzed vocal fold. The purpose of this study is to evaluate autologous fat as an alternative to alloplastic substances for use in vocal fold medialization. Eight dogs underwent left recurrent laryngeal nerve sectioning. Autologous fat was harvested, and the paralyzed vocal fold was medialized by injecting the fat into the thyroarytenoid muscle. The animals were divided into three groups for evaluation at 1, 3, and 6 months. Videolaryngoscopy was performed prior to sacrificing the animals. The larynges were sectioned coronally, and histologic studies were performed. The studies confirmed the preservation of viable fat at the injected site in all animals. Only a minimal inflammatory response was observed in the 1-month group. It would appear that fat injection is a viable alternative to Teflon injection and thyroplasty; it eliminates the need for alloplastic materials, does not appear to migrate, and does not require an open procedure.

Respiration-Related Laryngeal Electromyography in Children with Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 791-795
Author(s):  
Robert G. Berkowitz ◽  
Monique M. Ryan ◽  
Paul M. Pilowsky
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Laryngeal Electromyography ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Aberrant Regeneration ◽  
Laryngeal Emg

We present 2 case reports to demonstrate the relationship between laryngeal muscle activity and respiration in children with bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) by simultaneous laryngeal electromyography (EMG) with recording of chest wall movement and intercostal muscle EMG. Laryngeal EMG was performed together with recording of chest wall movement in a 55-day-old girl who was undergoing tracheostomy for idiopathic congenital BVFP. Normal phasic activity was observed, ie, the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle was active during expiration and the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle during inspiration, suggesting a good prognosis for recovery. The child was decannulated at 11 months. Laryngeal EMG together with recording of chest wall movement and intercostal EMG in a 5-year-old girl who was tracheostomy-dependent following tracheoesophageal fistula repair due to BVFP showed phasic activity during expiration for both the TA and PCA muscles, indicating aberrant regeneration of the PCA motor nerve. The timing of laryngeal muscle activity with respiration in the assessment of pediatric congenital BVFP is essential to demonstrate the presence of normal or abnormal medullary respiratory neuronal input to laryngeal motoneurons. In cases in which BVFP is due to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, respiration-related laryngeal EMG will identify aberrant regeneration. Laryngeal EMG should be combined with intercostal muscle EMG in the evaluation of children with significant vocal fold dysfunction of either central or peripheral origin.

Development of Electromagnetic Stimulation System to Aid Patients Suffering From Vocal Fold Paralysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Garret Burks ◽  
Paola Jaramillo ◽  
Alexander Leonessa
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Airway Protection ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation System

Vocal fold paralysis affects approximately 7.5 million Americans. Paralysis can be caused by numerous conditions, including head, neck or surgical trauma, endotracheal intubation, neurological conditions, cancer, tumors, just to mention a few. Currently, vocal fold paralysis treatment involves surgery and voice therapy. The vocal folds are composed of a three part material stretched along the larynx, which enables frequency change. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles coordinate the motion of vocal folds during respiration, vocalization, and aid in airway protection. Sensory information is carried by the Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) and the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN). Injury to the RLN results in paralysis of all laryngeal muscles excluding the cricothyroid muscle [1]. Although optimal larynx reinnervation has been extensively researched and implemented to improve voice paralysis [2], voice electrotherapy offers an alternative to effectively stimulate the larynx muscles for voice production, breathing and airway protection. One of the main causes of voice disorders is neurological in nature and causes abnormal vocal fold vibration. Of particular importance to this research is paralysis due to RLN injury, which causes acute temporary paralysis [3]. Currently, invasive electrical stimulus is used to activate muscle function; however, abnormal activation of muscle patterns causes muscles to function out of synchronization resulting in low vocal output [4]. For this reason, our work focuses on the development of an effective electromagnetic stimulation system to aid patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis by stimulating the RLN and in turn reinnervating the adequate laryngeal muscles involved in the vocal fold motion for the purposes of sound vocalization, respiration, and airway protection. So far, a proof of principle has been developed and evaluated to assess the system’s feasibility. The preliminary experiments have been conducted using BioMetal Fibers (BMF) (Toki Corporation, Japan), which are fiber-like solid state actuators designed to contract and extend similar to muscles. BMF contracts when stimulated through a current generated in this case through an electromagnetic field.

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