Staged Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty for Proximal Hypospadias in Children: A Short- to Mid-Term Follow-Up Retrospective Study

Introduction The aim of this study is to report our experience with modified staged buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for the repair of proximal hypospadias in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods A total of 183 patients were treated at the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between 2010 and 2019. The patients were grouped according to age: (1) within 1.5-year-old group, (2) prepuberty group (Tanner stage 1), and (3) puberty group. Results In total, 153 patients were included in this study. Thirty-six patients had complications: seven after stage one; 29 after stage two; one patient had two complications. Maximum flow rates were 11.80 ± 1.46 mL/s in the 1.5-year-old group, 13.24 ± 2.61 mL/s in the prepuberty group, and 13.60 ± 2.20 mL/s in the puberty group (p = 0.199). Average flow rates were 6.86 ± 1.37, 7.94 ± 1.74, and 7.88 ± 1.22 mL/s, respectively (p = 0.203). The optimal hypospadias objective scoring evaluation score of 16 was seen in 117 patients (76%), the score of 15 in 23 patients (15%), 14 in 10 (7%), and 13 in 3 patients (2%). Patients with an uncomplicated treatment (no complication) had a higher clinical outcome than patients with a complication (15.8 ± 0.53 vs. 15.3 ± 0.97, with or without complication, p = 0.000). Multivariable analyses showed that previous treatment was closely related to the complication rate (p = 0.016). Conclusion The modified procedure allows for two-stage repair of proximal hypospadias with good results with a low complication rate and good functional results. Delaying operation did not increase complication rates in our research.