Influence of Unilateral ECT on Tryptophan Metabolism in Endogenous Depression

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Smith ◽  
Lizzie Strömgren
1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly S.E. Mokhtar ◽  
Christopher J. Morgan ◽  
Don M. Bradley ◽  
Abdulla A.-B. Badawy

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Morgane Modoux ◽  
Nathalie Rolhion ◽  
Sridhar Mani ◽  
Harry Sokol

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117864692110031
Author(s):  
Marion Falabrègue ◽  
Anne-Claire Boschat ◽  
Romain Jouffroy ◽  
Marieke Derquennes ◽  
Haidar Djemai ◽  
...  

Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin have been associated with the onset of depression. While traditional treatments include antidepressants, physical exercise has emerged as an alternative for patients with depressive disorders. Yet there remains the fundamental question of how exercise is sensed by the brain. The existence of a muscle–brain endocrine loop has been proposed: according to this scenario, exercise modulates metabolization of tryptophan into kynurenine within skeletal muscle, which in turn affects the brain, enhancing resistance to depression. But the breakdown of tryptophan into kynurenine during exercise may also alter serotonin synthesis and help limit depression. In this study, we investigated whether peripheral serotonin might play a role in muscle–brain communication permitting adaptation for endurance training. We first quantified tryptophan metabolites in the blood of 4 trained athletes before and after a long-distance trail race and correlated changes in tryptophan metabolism with physical performance. In parallel, to assess exercise capacity and endurance in trained control and peripheral serotonin–deficient mice, we used a treadmill incremental test. Peripheral serotonin–deficient mice exhibited a significant drop in physical performance despite endurance training. Brain levels of tryptophan metabolites were similar in wild-type and peripheral serotonin–deficient animals, and no products of muscle-induced tryptophan metabolism were found in the plasma or brains of peripheral serotonin–deficient mice. But mass spectrometric analyses revealed a significant decrease in levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main serotonin metabolite, in both the soleus and plantaris muscles, demonstrating that metabolization of tryptophan into serotonin in muscles is essential for adaptation to endurance training. In light of these findings, the breakdown of tryptophan into peripheral but not brain serotonin appears to be the rate-limiting step for muscle adaptation to endurance training. The data suggest that there is a peripheral mechanism responsible for the positive effects of exercise, and that muscles are secretory organs with autocrine-paracrine roles in which serotonin has a local effect.


1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
F Lang ◽  
J Pellet ◽  
B Estour

SummaryThe authors report the case of a 45-yr-old male who presented from 1979 to 1986 with several severe depressive episodes. The patient fulfilled Feighner criteria for major depression, Newcastle criteria for endogenous depression: the depressive episodes were all classified as severe recurrent depression without melancholia according to DSM III. The patient was resistant to different types of treatment (ECT, tricyclic and MAOI drugs, lithium, sleep deprivation). With a treatment of 10 cg/day of fenetyline, reduced to 5 cg/day after 6 months, (atypical manic episode), the patient improved considerably for 20 rnonths. The therapeutic response decreased after this period but after a month of withdrawal, the patient again responded. The authors cannot explain the duration of this therapeutic response.


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