Consensus Statement on the Use of Corticosteroids as Adjunctive Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human immune system disease characterized by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, certain cancers and neurological disorders. The syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that is transmitted through blood or blood products, sexual contact or contaminated hypodermic needles. Antiretroviral treatment reduces the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection but is increasingly reported to be associated with increasing reports of metabolic abnormalities. The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in patients on antiretroviral therapy is high. Recently, a joint panel of American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) experts updated the treatment recommendations for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a consensus statement which provides guidance to health care providers. The ADA and EASD consensus statement concur that intervention in T2DM should be early, intensive, and uncompromisingly focused on maintaining glycemic levels as close as possible to the nondiabetic range. Intensive glucose management has been shown to reduce microvascular complications of diabetes but no significant benefits on cardiovascular diseases. Patients with diabetes have a high risk for cardiovascular disease and the treatment of diabetes should emphasize reduction of the cardiovascular factors risk. The treatment of diabetes mellitus in AIDS patients often involves polypharmacy, which increases the risk of suboptimal adherence

Download Full-text

Dapsone, Trimethoprim, and Sulfamethoxazole Plasma Levels during Treatment of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Annals of Internal Medicine ◽

10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-606 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 110 (8) ◽

pp. 606 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Belle L. Lee

Keyword(s):

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Download Full-text

Small-Intestine Pneumocystis jiroveci Pseudotumor as an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome–Presenting Illness: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2011-0221-cr ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 136 (9) ◽

pp. 1001-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Zhou ◽

Jayarama Shetty ◽

Michael R Pins

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Pneumocystis Infection ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Associated Mass

A Pneumocystis jiroveci infection–associated mass clinically mimicking a malignancy (ie, pseudotumor) is rare and usually occurs in the lung in association with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Pneumocystis jiroveci pseudotumors of the small intestine are extremely rare and represent an unusual form of disseminated P jiroveci infection. We present a case of small-intestine P jiroveci pseudotumor as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–presenting illness in a patient with coinfection with cytomegalovirus, no pulmonary symptoms, and no known risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection. This case reinforces the potential importance of cytomegalovirus coinfection in the disseminated form of Pneumocystis infection and illustrates the importance of an expanded differential diagnosis when confronted with a clinically atypical mass lesion.

Download Full-text