What does a “National Science” Mean? Science Policy, Politics and Philosophy in Latin America

2016 ◽  
pp. 241-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Vasen
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
National Science

National science policy coordination in the European Community

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Brickman
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
National Science ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
National Science Policy ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Council Of Ministers

In January 1974 the Council of Ministers of the European Community issued a resolution calling for the coordination of the science and technology policies of the member countries. This initiative came after several years of largely unrewarded efforts by the European institutions to bring a measure of Community-wide coherence in national R&D programs and objectives. Despite the development of alternative decision-making and implementation procedures, the Community's impact on national activities was on the whole limited in scope, confined to programs of marginal importance and more concerned with the joint execution of specific research tasks than with the political motives and intentions of the member governments. A review of the 1974 resolution's effects, principally through the work of the CREST committee, demonstrates that the multiple obstacles to policy coordination have yet to be overcome. These obstacles stem from a) varying conceptions of the policy coordination task, b) the discrepancies and inadequacies in national science policy formulation, c) deficiencies in the perspectives and procedures of Commission officials and national delegations, and d) a variety of constraints which restrict the domain of possible Community intervention.

scholarly journals Project Visual: Facilitating the Connection Between Art and Science

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
L.M. Strzegowski ◽  
T.P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
New Era ◽  
National Science ◽  
National Science Policy ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

Nearly five years ago, Representative Vernon Ehlers, in his report to Congress on a House of Representatives study entitled “Unlocking Our Future: Toward a New National Science Policy,” noted that the American public does not understand science and its practice. A major recommendation that emerged trom this study was the need to “make scientists socially responsible.“ This sentiment was echoed in a National Research Council's report, “Materials in a New Era,”, where Neal Lane, former Director of the National Science Foundation, was quoted as saying, “It is necessary to involve material scientists in a new role, undoubtedly an awkward one for many, that might be called the ‘civic scientist’.” Why the concern? The answer is clear. “Our prosperity, security, and health depend directly on the educational achievement of all students, not only those who will become scientists and engineers, but all workers, voters, parents, and consumers.”

scholarly journals Excellence or quality? Impact of the current competition regime on science and scientific publishing in Latin America and its implications for development

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebe Vessuri ◽  
Jean-Claude Guédon ◽  
Ana María Cetto
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
General Management ◽  
The World

The current competition regime that characterizes international science is often presented as a quest for excellence. It diversely affects research in Latin America and research in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This article asks how this competition regime may orient the direction of research in Latin America, and to whose advantage. It is argued that, by relating excellence to quality differently, a research policy that seeks to improve the level of science in Latin America while preserving the possibility of solving problems relevant to the region can be designed. Competition, it is also argued, certainly has its place in science, but not as a general management tool, especially if the goal is to improve overall quality of science in Latin America. Scientific competition is largely managed through journals and their reputation. Therefore, designing a science policy for Latin America (and for any ‘peripheral’ region of the world) requires paying special attention to the mechanisms underpinning the production, circulation and consumption of scientific journals. So-called ‘international’ or ‘core’ journals are of particular interest as local, national, or even regional journals must struggle to find their place in this peculiar publishing eco-system.

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