Social Networks in Labour Markets

2018 ◽  
pp. 12573-12576
Author(s):  
Antoni Calvó-Armengol ◽  
Yannis M. Ioannides
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labour Markets

scholarly journals Impediments to contract enforcement in day labour markets: a perspective from India

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARTHIKEYA NARAPARAJU
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Formal Contract

AbstractIn developing countries, lack of formal contract enforcement mechanisms is compensated by informal governance enforced through trust, kinship, reputation, etc. This paper focuses on one such setting in India's urban informal economy: the ‘day labour’ market for casual labour. We survey seven such markets in Navi Mumbai (a city on the outskirts of Mumbai), and find considerable incidence of contract enforcement problems in the form of employers reneging on wage payments to labourers. We find that payments to labourers with access to social networks and a record of work done are less likely to be reneged. Further, consistent with the literature on the limits of informal enforcement, we find that labourers in large markets, with greater linguistic and caste-based diversity, are more likely to be reneged. We argue that interventions aimed at facilitating access to formal mechanisms might help overcome some of the limitations with informal enforcement.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: The Ties that Bind us: Networks, Projects and Careers in British TV

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110628
Author(s):  
Jonathan Morris ◽  
Alan Mckinlay ◽  
Catherine Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
The Self ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Industry Structures ◽  
Work Histories

The dominant view of careers is that they have been transformed by the emergence of ‘post-bureaucratic’ organizations. ‘Neo-bureaucratic’ structures have emerged, retaining centralized control over strategy and finance while outsourcing production, creating employment precarity. British television epitomises a sector that has experienced long-run deregulation. Producing television content is risky highly competitive. How do broadcasters minimise the risks of television production? Broadcasting neo-bureaucracies avoid relying on fragmented labour markets to hire technically self-disciplining crews. Control regimes are enacted through activating social networks by broadcast commissioners, green-lit to trusted creative teams who recruit key crew, through social networks which complement diffuse forms of normative control. Social networks and the self-discipline of crews are mutually constitutive, (re)producing patterns of labour market advantage/disadvantage. Younger freelancers prove vulnerable, exposed to precariousness inherent in freelance employment; to build a career they must access and sustain their social network membership. We locate individual decisions around career narratives in the context of specific social networks and industry structures. Careers are not boundaryless, individual constructs. We introduce the concept of ‘mosaic-career’, capturing the complexity of individual work histories, composed of fragmented employment in organisations/projects. How do neo-bureaucracies, then, intervene in labour markets? What are the consequences of those interventions?

Social Networks in Labour Markets

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Calvó-Armengol ◽  
Yannis M. Ioannides
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labour Markets

scholarly journals Precarious technoscapes: forced mobility and mobile connections at the urban margins

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s11 ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Peter Chonka ◽  
Jutta Bakonyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Displaced People

Displaced people settling at the margins of Somali cities live in conditions of extreme precarity. They are also active users of information and communications technology (ICTs), employing mobile phones to maintain social networks, obtain information, navigate urban space and labour markets, transfer and store money, and receive aid. This article explores mobile connectivity from the perspective of displaced people, analysing how they experience mobile phones, and the connections they enable in the context of conflict and urban reconstruction in Somalia. The findings caution against techno-optimist developmental discourses, and provide a nuanced picture of the benefits, constraints, challenges and risks entailed in the engagement of marginalised urban populations with ICTs. Although providing various beneficial affordances, increased mobile connectivity does not by itself diminish inequalities. ICTs can reinforce power differentials between urban labourers and employers, become instruments of exploitation, and increase the distance between receivers of aid and the transnational regimes that govern precarity in Somali cities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document