Discussion of “Characterization of Time-Varying Organic Loads”

This paper offers a reinterpretation of the Fed's time-varying implicit inflation target, based on two considerations. The first is that the need to alleviate the burden of distortionary taxation may justify the choice of a positive inflation rate. The second is based on compelling evidence that the degree of price and wage indexation falls with trend inflation. In fact, we find that a proper characterization of the joint evolution of fiscal variables and nominal rigidities has a strong impact on the Ramsey optimal policies, implying optimal inflation dynamics that are consistent with the observed evolution of U.S. trend inflation. By contrast, tax policies have been too lax, especially at the time of the controversial Bush tax cuts.

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Characterization of autohydrolysis aspen (P. tremuloides) lignins. Part 4. Residual autohydrolysis lignin

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v79-422 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (19) ◽

pp. 2612-2616 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Morris Wayman ◽

Miranda G. S. Chua

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Time Varying ◽

Residual Lignin ◽

Aspen Wood ◽

Milled Wood Lignin ◽

Wood Meal ◽

Nitrobenzene Oxidation ◽

Infrared Studies ◽

Lignocellulosic Residue

Lignocellulosic residue remaining after autohydrolysis of extractive-free aspen wood meal at 195 °C for periods of time varying from 5 to 120 min followed by extraction with 90% dioxane was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain residual lignin. Infrared studies indicated that in the early stages of autohydrolysis residual lignin resembles protolignin, but as autohydrolysis proceeds it changes to resemble more and more the extracted lignin. Residual lignin was found to be higher in carbon but lower in hydrogen and oxygen than aspen milled wood lignin. The methoxyl content was also lower than the reference lignin. From alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, residual lignin is seen to become more condensed with increasing autohydrolysis time. The insolubility of residual lignin is attributed to the existence of strong bonds between this lignin and carbohydrate.

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Characterization of exponential divergence of the Kalman filter for time-varying systems

49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) ◽

10.1109/cdc.2010.5717949 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo F. Costa ◽

Alessandro Astolfi

Keyword(s):

Kalman Filter ◽

Time Varying ◽

Time Varying Systems

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Characterization of depolarizing channels using two-photon interference

Quantum Information Processing ◽

10.1007/s11128-019-2445-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

Author(s):

G. C. Amaral ◽

G. P. Temporão

Keyword(s):

Quantum Communication ◽

Communication Link ◽

Time Varying ◽

Quantum Process ◽

Standard Quantum ◽

Two Photon ◽

Quantum Process Tomography ◽

Process Tomography ◽

Unitary Transformations

Abstract Depolarization is one of the most important sources of error in a quantum communication link that can be introduced by the quantum channel. Even though standard quantum process tomography can, in theory, be applied to characterize this effect, in most real-world implementations depolarization cannot be distinguished from time-varying unitary transformations, especially when the timescales are much shorter than the detectors response time. In this paper, we introduce a method for distinguishing true depolarization from fast polarization rotations by employing Hong–Ou–Mandel interference. It is shown that the results are independent of the timing resolutions of the photodetectors.

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