Force modulation microscopy study of phase separation on blend polymer films

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 2785-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heh-Nan Lin ◽  
Tien-Tsan Hung ◽  
En-Chung Chang ◽  
Show-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Force Modulation ◽  
Blend Polymer

Evaporation-induced pattern formation in polymer films via secondary phase separation

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 2901-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Yamamura ◽  
Takatoshi Nishio ◽  
Toshihisa Kajiwara ◽  
Kitaro Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phase Separation

scholarly journals Tailoring pore distribution in polymer films via evaporation induced phase separation

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
pp. 15593-15605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumiaya Pervin ◽  
Pijush Ghosh ◽  
Madivala G. Basavaraj
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Pore Distribution ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

The work contributes to a fundamental understanding of how to regulate the microstructure of porous polymer films fabricated via evaporation induced phase separation (EIPS).

A Facile Route To Create Surface Porous Polymer Films via Phase Separation for Antireflection Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yu Kuo ◽  
Yen-Yi Chen ◽  
Shih-Yuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Facile Route

Optical Microscopy Study for Director Patterns around Disclinations in Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (27) ◽  
pp. 13195-13199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanju Zhang ◽  
Eugene M. Terentjev ◽  
Athene M. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Side Chain

Behavior of Water during Temperature-Induced Phase Separation in Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Aqueous Solutions. NMR and Optical Microscopy Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2149-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Spěváček ◽  
Lenka Hanyková ◽  
Jan Labuta
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Vinyl Methyl ◽  
Vinyl Methyl Ether

scholarly journals Templated Growth of Fullerene C60 Crystals by Triptycene in  Polymer Blend Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cole Ross Lomas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Polymer Film ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Fullerene C60 ◽  
Film Morphology

<p>Molecular semiconductors such as fullerene C60 have become ubiquitous components of organic electronic devices, owing to their electronic structure and favourable material processing properties. In most conjugated polymer-fullerene films that form the active layer in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells, organisation of the fullerene phases to the correct nanoscale dimensions for exciton charge separation and transportation to the device electrodes is driven by excess fullerene addition. While this approach can deliver acceptable film morphology for a BHJ solar cell, it is not optimal as the photoactive polymer component of the film becomes diluted by C60 thereby reducing device efficiency. This motivates a supramolecular approach as an alternative method to control fullerene assembly and give morphological control of conjugated polymer films. Triptycene (TPC) is a readily available molecule whose rigid paddle wheel structure and hydrophobicity present three excellent C60 binding cavities. Triptycene has the potential to template the macroscopic assembly of fullerene molecules within a polymer-fullerene blend film, thereby controlling phase separation without excess fullerene addition. In this project, the ability of TPC to template the assembly of C60 was investigated in single crystals, polymer films, and in functional electronic devices. Blue-shifted fluorescence from TPC·C60 co-crystals was used as a spectroscopic signature to probe the molecular environment of C60 dispersed through an optically transparent polystyrene polymer film, and confirm that TPC hosts C60 molecules within the polymer matrix. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy of the polystyrene:C60:TPC films confirmed a reduction in the orbital overlap between adjacent C60 molecules providing further evidence that TPC had spatially separated C60 molecules upon templating the macroscopic assembly. When TPC was added to conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and MEHPPV: C60 films as a blend additive, fluorescence spectroscopy identified two unique effects: (1) the suppression of excimer states when TPC spatially separated the conjugated polymer chains, and (2) the assembly of C60 into larger domains to drive polymer and C60 phase separation, giving morphological control of the polymer film. The fabrication of polystyrene:C60:TPC sandwich devices showed the electronic conduction of C60 was unaltered by spatial separation and reduction in electronic coupling between neighbouring C60 molecules caused by TPC templation. MEHPPV: C60 BHJ solar cells suffered a loss in photocurent when TPC was added to the active layer when compared to fabricated devices that used excess fullerene addition to control film morphology. However, due to time constraints, only one polymer film composition was able to be tested. Since the polymer film morphology was shown to be sensitive to the molar ratios of C60 and TPC, there is immense potential to further investigate TPC as a blend additive in conjugated polymer films and optimise the film composition to obtain desirable morphology for a BHJ solar cell. The functionalisation of TPC could provide a method to further enhance interactions between TPC and C60 and provide greater control over C60 self-assembly within a polymer film.</p>

Dispersion and phase separation of carbon nanotubes in ultrathin polymer films

2005 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Foster ◽  
Srikanth Singamaneni ◽  
Ramesh Kattumenu ◽  
Valery Bliznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Ultrathin Polymer Films

Electrical breakdown of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and blend polymer films

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mori ◽  
T. Nanba ◽  
T. Matsuoka ◽  
M. Norizuki ◽  
M. Hikita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Acrylic Acid Copolymer ◽  
Blend Polymer

scholarly journals Templated Growth of Fullerene C60 Crystals by Triptycene in  Polymer Blend Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cole Ross Lomas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Polymer Film ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Fullerene C60 ◽  
Film Morphology

<p>Molecular semiconductors such as fullerene C60 have become ubiquitous components of organic electronic devices, owing to their electronic structure and favourable material processing properties. In most conjugated polymer-fullerene films that form the active layer in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells, organisation of the fullerene phases to the correct nanoscale dimensions for exciton charge separation and transportation to the device electrodes is driven by excess fullerene addition. While this approach can deliver acceptable film morphology for a BHJ solar cell, it is not optimal as the photoactive polymer component of the film becomes diluted by C60 thereby reducing device efficiency. This motivates a supramolecular approach as an alternative method to control fullerene assembly and give morphological control of conjugated polymer films. Triptycene (TPC) is a readily available molecule whose rigid paddle wheel structure and hydrophobicity present three excellent C60 binding cavities. Triptycene has the potential to template the macroscopic assembly of fullerene molecules within a polymer-fullerene blend film, thereby controlling phase separation without excess fullerene addition. In this project, the ability of TPC to template the assembly of C60 was investigated in single crystals, polymer films, and in functional electronic devices. Blue-shifted fluorescence from TPC·C60 co-crystals was used as a spectroscopic signature to probe the molecular environment of C60 dispersed through an optically transparent polystyrene polymer film, and confirm that TPC hosts C60 molecules within the polymer matrix. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy of the polystyrene:C60:TPC films confirmed a reduction in the orbital overlap between adjacent C60 molecules providing further evidence that TPC had spatially separated C60 molecules upon templating the macroscopic assembly. When TPC was added to conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and MEHPPV: C60 films as a blend additive, fluorescence spectroscopy identified two unique effects: (1) the suppression of excimer states when TPC spatially separated the conjugated polymer chains, and (2) the assembly of C60 into larger domains to drive polymer and C60 phase separation, giving morphological control of the polymer film. The fabrication of polystyrene:C60:TPC sandwich devices showed the electronic conduction of C60 was unaltered by spatial separation and reduction in electronic coupling between neighbouring C60 molecules caused by TPC templation. MEHPPV: C60 BHJ solar cells suffered a loss in photocurent when TPC was added to the active layer when compared to fabricated devices that used excess fullerene addition to control film morphology. However, due to time constraints, only one polymer film composition was able to be tested. Since the polymer film morphology was shown to be sensitive to the molar ratios of C60 and TPC, there is immense potential to further investigate TPC as a blend additive in conjugated polymer films and optimise the film composition to obtain desirable morphology for a BHJ solar cell. The functionalisation of TPC could provide a method to further enhance interactions between TPC and C60 and provide greater control over C60 self-assembly within a polymer film.</p>

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