Cryopreservation of Biological Systems–A Confocal Raman Microscopy Study

In vivo confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), polarized light microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to determine if a significant amount of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) exists within larval shells of Baltic mytilid mussels ( Mytilus edulis -like) and whether the amount of ACC varies during larval development. No evidence for ACC was found from the onset of shell deposition at 21 h post-fertilization (hpf) until 48 hpf. Larval Mytilus shells were crystalline from 21 hpf onwards and exhibited CRM and FTIR peaks characteristic of aragonite. Prior to shell deposition at 21 hpf, no evidence for carbonates was observed through in vivo CRM. We further analysed the composition of larval shells in three other bivalve species, Mercenaria mercenaria , Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica and observed no evidence for ACC, which is in contrast to previous work on the same species. Our findings indicate that larval bivalve shells are composed of crystalline aragonite and we demonstrate that conflicting results are related to sub-optimal measurements and misinterpretation of CRM spectra. Our results demonstrate that the common perception that ACC generally occurs as a stable and abundant precursor during larval bivalve calcification needs to be critically reviewed.

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Quantitative Confocal Raman Microscopy Study of Ion-Interaction Retention at Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Interfaces

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac100781p ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (13) ◽

pp. 5743-5750 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Gasser-Ramirez ◽

Joel M. Harris

Keyword(s):

Microscopy Study ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Raman Microscopy ◽

Confocal Raman Microscopy ◽

Confocal Raman

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A Confocal Raman Microscopy Study of the Distribution of a Carotene-Containing Yeast in a Living Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/000370208785793245 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 975-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christophe Sandt ◽

Truis Smith-Palmer ◽

Judith Pink ◽

David Pink

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Raman Microscopy ◽

Confocal Raman Microscopy ◽

Confocal Raman

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Identification of two organic bands showing different chemical composition within the skeleton of <i>Porites lutea</i>: a confocal Raman microscopy study

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-8273-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 8273-8306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Wall ◽

G. Nehrke

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Organic Matrix ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Raman Microscopy ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Confocal Raman Microscopy ◽

Porites Lutea ◽

Incremental Growth ◽

Confocal Raman

Abstract. Confocal Raman microscopy mapping was used to investigate the organic matrix distribution within the skeleton of the coral Porites lutea. Two types of growth lines could be identified: one corresponds to the well-known incremental growth layers, whereas the second type of growth lines showed an elemental composition that differed from the incremental growth layers. The position and shape of the latter growth lines resemble either denticle finger-like structures (most likely traces of former spines) or former skeletal surfaces. We hypothesize that these lines are involved in the three-dimensional arrangement of skeletal elements and represent the outer skeletal surface before another growth cycle of elongation, infilling and thickening of skeletal components continues. We show that high spatial resolution mapping can significantly improve our understanding of skeletal growth patterns in coral skeletons.

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