A People’s process: Post-tsunami self-build housing in Tamilnadu (2005-08)

This essay elucidates some of the lessons learnt from the community participatory process adopted by Artes, in the Post- Tsunami housing reconstruction project at Nagapatinam, Tamilnadu (2005-08). The program was a self-build process, respectful of gender. A pragmatic assessment of regional technologies, materials and skills was undertaken. The technological assessment was conducted by the community, in collaboration with structural engineers. Projects under consideration are in Sirkazhi Taluk and Akkaraipettai, Nagapatinam region in Tamilnadu, which had been adversely affected. The projects were nominated as best practices by the UNDP, India (2008) for community participatory processes. It inspired a new sense of belonging and confidence in the community. Besides indigenous construction practices, the community was provided an opportunity to learn new construction skills that they desired, which were beneficial in the longer term. The new construction skill sets ensured the community was independent to build their own dwellings incrementally in later years. The community was no more at the mercy of external contractors. The design of the dwellings also enabled future incremental growth. This research highlights some of the lessons in capacity building of communities; using construction skills to enable them to rebuild their own homes, as well as be self-reliant in future extensions and additions

Suomen kielen hallinta ja sen kehitys. Peruskoululaiset ja nuoret aikuiset

The topic of the book is the incremental growth of linguistic knowledge from lexical to structural-cum-textual during the so-called later language development. Language mastery does not presuppose any acquaintance with prescriptive grammar but, instead, concerns the core of language which the so-called consensus principle applies to: the most frequent words and structures are mastered with certainty by everybody, but uncertainty increases as less frequent and more variable phenomena are taken into consideration. It is the goal of the study to make explicit the knowledge that is common to school children of different age groups, and to show how it develops both in its core and in its fringe areas. The mastery of less common aspects exhibits considerable statistical variation. The research embodies methodological pluralism insofar as it has been carried out by means both of the corpus method and the experimental method. Here experimental subsumes writing tasks, paper-and-pencil tests, and behavior under experimental conditions. The amount of participants native in Finnish varies from 300–2000. The book has a bipartite structure: mastery of meanings (Part I), and mastery of forms (Part II).

What's my age again? On the ambiguity of histology-based skeletochronology

Histology-based skeletochronology is a widely used approach to determine the age of an individual, and is based on the assumption that temporal cessations or decelerations of bone growth lead to incremental growth marks (GM), reflecting annual cycles. We studied the reliability of histology-based skeletochronology in a variety of extant tetrapods by comparing two different approaches: petrographic ground sections versus stained microtomized sections. Each bone was cut into two corresponding halves at its growth centre in order to apply both approaches to one and the same sample. None of the samples unequivocally revealed the actual age of the specimens, but truly concerning is the fact that the majority of samples even led to conflicting age estimates between the two approaches. Although the microtomized sections tended to yield more GM and thus indicated an older age than the ground sections, the contrary also occurred. Such a pronounced ambiguity in skeletochronological data strongly challenges the value of the respective age determinations for both extant and extinct animals. We conclude that much more research on the fundamental methodological side of skeletochronology—especially regarding the general nature and microscopic recognition of GM—is required.

From ‘mommy’ to ‘like’: tackling the emergence of abstractness during the second year of life using an ecological approach

The first abstract words, terms not referring to here and now, are acquired slowly in infancy. They are difficult to acquire as they are more detached from sensory modalities than concrete words. Recent theories propose that, because of their complexity, other people are pivotal for abstract concepts’ acquisition and use. Eight children (4 girls) and their mothers were observed longitudinally and extensively from 11 to 24 months of age, using a multiple case study method. We documented real time age of acquisition of abstract vocabulary in an interactive mother-child situation. Children progressively use more abstract concepts, with a major shift from 12-15 months and again from 22-24 months, but the qualitative data testify an incremental growth of abstract concepts. We also identified a progression in the acquisition of abstract concepts in relation to the overall productive vocabulary, suggesting that having more abstract terms in one’s vocabulary promotes faster language acquisition.

Ontology-based IoT healthcare systems (IHS) for Senior Citizens

Rapid incremental growth in population causes the virulence of infectious diseases worldwide. Due to this, health hazards with population growth raise pollution in the air, water, and soil and affect the immunity of individuals. To handle the situation, reliable and easy to reach healthcare services are required. The proliferation of connected technologies along with the Internet of Things (IoT) is providing modern healthcare with extensive care. All-pervading IoT technology gaining a very much attraction nowadays. This paper presents a brief about the E-Health Care System along with its framework. This attempt also presents the ontology approach as data produced by healthcare applications is vast and unstructured which needs to be organized in proper format with a smooth flow of data and also results in less request-response time. Further, this paper discusses the impact of the disease on senior citizens in the current scenario.

A Role of Clinical Trial in Management of Hypertension and Medication of Hypertension

Clinical trials are essence for the progress of new treatments. Whether a person should engage confide in on their compassionate of the liability and gain for themselves and for society as an entity. Clinical trials are research review in which people volunteer to attempt major treatments, interventions or experiment as a means to forbid, detect, evaluate or manage assorted diseases or medical conditions. Some investigations glance at how people react to a new arbitration and what side effects valor occur. Every new medicine and treatment initiated with volunteers engage in clinical trials. We incur our present high ideal of medical care to studies that have been operate in the past under guidance of the INDIAN Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition to Research on new drugs and devices, clinical trials bring a scientific footing for urge and treating patients. Even when researchers do not achieve the conclusion they anticipate; trial results can help point scientists in the mend direction. Blood pressure is great because the larger than your blood pressure is, the larger than your risk of health problems in the future. If your blood pressure is higher than it is putting extra ache on your arteries and on your heart. High blood pressure clouts your heart to work higher to pump blood to the comfort of your body. This causes part of your heart (left ventricle) to congeal. A congeal left ventricle high your risk of heart attack, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Heart failure. The arena for clinical trials of hypertension management is in transition. The stage of mega trials may not be bygone but is assuredly in decline. Incremental growth in the therapies assessable in the face of a high global disease hardship has imply that hypertension researchers have also attract on getting beat efficacy and value from the available treatments through arrangement improvement, combinations, and algorithms. There has been go on amuse in the role of nonpharmacological compute in cure and management of hypertension.

Genotype, Nursery Design, and Depth Influence the Growth of Acropora cervicornis Fragments

Growing fragments of corals in nurseries and outplanting them to supplement declining natural populations have gained significant traction worldwide. In the Caribbean, for example, this approach provides colonies of Acropora cervicornis with minimal impacts to existing wild colonies. Given the impetus to scale up production to augment limited natural recovery, managers and researchers should consider how the design and location of the nurseries affect the growth of different genotypes of corals and the effort required for maintenance. To elucidate such influences, we grew fragments of different genotypes (five varieties) on differing structures (trees and frames) at two depths (6–8 and 16–18 m). The sum of the lengths of all branches or total linear extensions (TLEs) and accumulation of biofouling were measured over 198 days from May to December 2016 to assess the growth of fragments and the effort required to maintain nurseries. TLEs for all fragments increased linearly throughout the incubation period. Mean daily incremental growth rates varied among the genotypes, with one genotype growing significantly faster than all others, two genotypes growing at intermediate rates, and two genotypes growing more slowly. Mean daily incremental growth rates were higher for all genotypes suspended from vertical frames at both sites, and mean daily incremental growth rates were higher for all fragments held on both types of nurseries in deeper water. If linear growth continued, a fragment of the fastest growing genotype held on a frame in deeper water was estimated to increase the sum of the length of all its branches by an average of 88 cm y–1, which was over two times higher than the estimated mean annual growth rate for a fragment of the slowest growing genotype held on a tree in shallow water. Nurseries in deeper water had significantly less biofouling and appeared to be buffered against daily fluctuations in temperature. Overall, the results demonstrated that increased production and reduced maintenance can result from considering the genotype of fragments to be cultured and the design and location of nurseries.

Institutional Change in ASEAN: A Conceptual Analysis of the ASEAN Political-Security Community

ObjectivesTo figure out whether adaptation – specifically, Ernst B. Hass’ incremental growth model – is able to account for institutional changes of ASEAN in the shape of the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC).MethodsUse Ernst Hass' theoretical arguments and propositions to examine some of ASEAN's internal and external factors that have an impact on the discussion, planning, and implementation of the APSC. Three variables -- the types of knowledge used by ASEAN leaders in making choices, their political objectives, as well as the manner in which issues being negotiated -- are found in historical documents and academic analyses and then operationalized in a simpler way.ResultsThe selection of the incremental growth model is justified and the incremental growth model can serve as an innovative analytical framework for the institutional change in ASEAN.ConclusionsASEAN is in a dynamic context where increased expectations and pressure from within and outside are taking place all at once. The institutionalization of ASEAN security arrangements, originally led by the initiation of the ASC/APSC, means that ASEAN has started facing these expectations and pressure and moved on to enhance security cooperation to a certain degree. It is time for students of international relations to apply again the previous finding of adaptation through incremental growth and conduct further field investigations into the current evolution of the APSC.