Equilibrium charge state of NV centers in diamond

The charge distribution of an incident ion as a function of projectile velocity, its range and its average equilibrium charge are studied theoretically. The calculations are made only for an atomic hydrogen gas target. The charge of the ion is determined by the equilibrium between electron loss from the ion and electron capature from a hydrogen atom to the ion. The charge states of the ions are calculated in two cases; to assume a local balance condition for electron loss and capture and to solve a rate equation for the charge state fraction function under non-local balance conditions, both only taking into account single electron loss and capture processes. In the calculations we use empirical formulae for electron loss and capture cross section by making some simplifications. Calculations for the charge state fraction as functions of ion ranges under non-equilibrium conditions have been carried out in the cases of Ne, Ar, and Xe ions. Calculations for the charge state under local balance conditions have been made in the cases of C, Ne, Ar, Kr, I, and U ions.

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Equilibrium charge-state fractions for 3.3-39 keV deuterium atoms and ions in magnesium vapor

Nuclear Instruments and Methods ◽

10.1016/0029-554x(77)90345-7 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 157-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Klaus H. Berkner ◽

David Leung ◽

Robert V. Pyle ◽

Alfred S. Schlachter ◽

J. Warren Stearns

Keyword(s):

Charge State ◽

Magnesium Vapor ◽

Equilibrium Charge

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Density Effect in Equilibrium Charge-State Distributions

Physical Review ◽

10.1103/physrev.184.93 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 184 (1) ◽

pp. 93-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. Ryding ◽

A. Wittkower ◽

P. H. Rose

Keyword(s):

Charge State ◽

Density Effect ◽

Equilibrium Charge ◽

Charge State Distributions

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Equilibrium charge-state distributions of sodium ions in carbon foil

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms ◽

10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00384-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 173 (3) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X Tordoir ◽

T Bastin ◽

P.-D Dumont ◽

H.P Garnir

Keyword(s):

Charge State ◽

Sodium Ions ◽

Carbon Foil ◽

Equilibrium Charge ◽

Charge State Distributions

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Equilibrium charge-state fractions of 0.2 to 6.5 MeV helium ions in carbon

Proceedings of the Physical Society ◽

10.1088/0370-1328/86/6/316 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 1283-1295 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

J C Armstrong ◽

J V Mullendore ◽

W R Harris ◽

J B Marion

Keyword(s):

Charge State ◽

Helium Ions ◽

Equilibrium Charge

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Equilibrium charge state distributions of 14N and 20Ne ions emerging from solids

Nuclear Instruments and Methods ◽

10.1016/0029-554x(77)90253-1 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 601-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yoshiaki Kido ◽

Masatoshi Asari ◽

Akihisa Nakata ◽

Fumio Fukuzawa

Keyword(s):

Charge State ◽

Equilibrium Charge ◽

Charge State Distributions

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Atomic Charge State Ratios of 6Li Ions from 5.8–16.4 MeV

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p71-061 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 480-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Stocker ◽

E. H. Berkowitz

Keyword(s):

Energy Range ◽

Charge State ◽

Atomic Charge ◽

Ion Energy ◽

Equilibrium Charge ◽

Thin Carbon ◽

Measured Ratio ◽

Ion Velocity ◽

Carbon Foils

The ratio, F2∞/F3∞, of equilibrium charge state fractions has been measured for 6Li2+,3+ ions in thin carbon foils and found to vary from 14%–1% over the ion energy range from 5.87–16.45 MeV. The measured ratio varies inversely with the fifth power of the ion velocity.

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