Salt Taste Sensitivity: A Signal Detection Approach

Perception ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
M O'Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Receiver Operating

A flow procedure was used to measure the sensitivity of two subjects to NaCl stimuli after adaptation to 10 mM and 30 mM NaCl. The signal detection rating procedure was used and thirteen receiver operating characteristic (R.O.C.) curves obtained. Assumptions of normality and equal variance for the noise and signal plus noise distributions were upheld while d′ and nonparametric P( A) values were found to be comparable to those reported in earlier threshold studies. Advantages of the technique are discussed.

scholarly journals Distinguishing Between Investigator Discriminability and Eyewitness Discriminability: A Method for Creating Full Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves of Lineup Identification Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-607
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Smith ◽  
Yueran Yang ◽  
Gary L. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Lineup Procedure ◽  
Receiver Operating

The conceptual frameworks provided by both the lineups-as-experiments analogy and signal detection theory have proven important to understanding how eyewitness lineups work. The lineups-as-experiments analogy proposes that when investigators use a lineup procedure, they are acting as experimenters and should therefore follow the same tried-and-true procedures that experimenters follow when executing an experiment. Signal detection theory offers a framework for distinguishing between factors that improve the trade-off between culprit and innocent-suspect identifications and factors that affect the frequency of suspect identifications. We integrate these two conceptual frameworks. We argue that an eyewitness lineup procedure is characterized by two simultaneous signal detection tasks. On one hand, the witness is tasked with determining whether the culprit is present in the lineup and identifying that person. On the other hand, the investigator knows which lineup member is the suspect and which lineup members are known-innocent fillers and is therefore tasked only with determining whether the suspect is the culprit. The investigator uses the witness’s identification decision and associated level of confidence to decide whether the suspect is the culprit. We leverage this realization to demonstrate a method for creating full receiver operating characteristic curves for eyewitness lineup procedures.

scholarly journals Lognormal Lorenz and normal receiver operating characteristic curves as mirror images

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John Irwin ◽  
Michael J. Hautus
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating

The Lorenz curve for assessing economic inequality depicts the relation between two cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), one for the distribution of incomes or wealth and the other for their first-moment distribution. By contrast, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for evaluating diagnostic systems depicts the relation between the complements of two CDFs, one for the distribution noise and the other for the distribution of signal plus noise. We demonstrate that the lognormal model of the Lorenz curve, which is often adopted to model the distribution of income and wealth, is a mirror image of the equal-variance normal model of the ROC curve, which is a fundamental model for evaluating diagnostic systems. The relationship between these two models extends the potential application of each. For example, the lognormal Lorenz curve can be used to evaluate diagnostic systems derived from equal-variance normal distributions.

Übereinstimmung von klinischer Diagnose, strukturierten Interviews und Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen bei Depression im Kindes- und Jugendalter

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Dolle ◽  
Gerd Schulte-Körne ◽  
Nikolaus von Hofacker ◽  
Yonca Izat ◽  
Antje-Kathrin Allgaier
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Kinder Und Jugendliche ◽  
Prädiktive Werte ◽  
Receiver Operating

Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Übereinstimmung von strukturierten Kind- und Elterninterviews sowie dem klinischen Urteil bei der Diagnostik depressiver Episoden im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zudem prüft sie, ob sich die Treffsicherheit und die optimalen Cut-off-Werte von Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen in Referenz zu diesen verschiedenen Beurteilerperspektiven unterscheiden. Methodik: Mit 81 Kindern (9–12 Jahre) und 88 Jugendlichen (13–16 Jahre), die sich in kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Kliniken oder Praxen vorstellten, und ihren Eltern wurden strukturierte Kinder-DIPS-Interviews durchgeführt. Die Kinder füllten das Depressions-Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche (DIKJ) aus, die Jugendlichen die Allgemeine Depressions-Skala in der Kurzform (ADS-K). Übereinstimmungen wurden mittels Kappa-Koeffizienten ermittelt. Optimale Cut-off-Werte, Sensitivität, Spezifität sowie positive und negative prädiktive Werte wurden anhand von Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Kurven bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Interviews stimmten untereinander sowie mit dem klinischen Urteil niedrig bis mäßig überein. Depressive Episoden wurden häufiger nach klinischem Urteil als in den Interviews festgestellt. Cut-off-Werte und Validitätsmaße der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen variierten je nach Referenzstandard mit den schlechtesten Ergebnissen für das klinische Urteil. Schlussfolgerungen: Klinische Beurteiler könnten durch den Einsatz von strukturierten Interviews profitieren. Strategien für den Umgang mit diskrepanten Kind- und Elternangaben sollten empirisch geprüft und detailliert beschrieben werden.

Use of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves to Evaluate Computer Confidence Threshold and Clinical Performance in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. De Dombal ◽  
Jane C. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Confidence Threshold ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Receiver Operating

This paper uses simple receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (i) to study the effect of varying computer confidence of threshold levels and (ii) to evaluate clinical performance in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Over 1300 patients presenting to five centres with abdominal pain of short duration were studied in varying detail. Clinical and computer-aided diagnostic predictions were compared with the »final« diagnosis. From these studies it is concluded the simplistic setting of a 50/50 confidence threshold for the computer program is as »good« as any other. The proximity of a computer-aided system changed clinical behaviour patterns; a higher overall performance level was achieved and clinicians performance levels became associated with the »mildly conservative« end of the computers ROC curve. Prior forecasts of over-confidence or ultra-caution amongst clinicians using the computer-aided system have not been fulfilled.

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