Interrelation of Tuning Characteristics in Striate Neurons Sensitive to Cross and Corner

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 227-227
Author(s):  
N A Lazareva ◽  
I A Shevelev ◽  
G A Sharaev ◽  
R V Novikova ◽  
A S Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Tuning Width ◽  
Striate Neurons ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

In the cat striate cortex we have found 56 out of 174 neurons that respond on average by a threefold increase of the responses to cross-like or corner figures flashing in the receptive field in comparison to those to a single light bar of preferred orientation. For 27/56 of these neurons tuning to both cross and corner was investigated. 18/27 neurons responded to both stimuli, while 3/27 cells were sensitive only to cross and 6/27 only to corner. The width, selectivity, and quality of tuning to orientation did not differ on average for stimulation by the bar and figures of both types. The characteristics of tuning to the shape of a figure (the angle between its lines) were about the same for cross and corner. We have found a direct relationship between the orientation tuning width, selectivity and quality for bar, cross, and corner. The relationships between the characteristics of tuning to the shape of a figure were found to be rather more complex. Thus, among 18 cells sensitive to both cross and corner we never met a high selectivity to cross, whereas that was typical for the selectivity to corner. Of the cells sensitive to cross, 35/46 responded to figures with angles of 45° or 90° between the lines, and the rest (11/46) responded to a cross with an angle of 67.5°. The neurons sensitive to corner responded most often to the angle of 67.5° (9/26) and in nearly equal but lower proportion to all other angles. The functional implication of neuronal sensitivity to cross and corner figures is discussed.

Role of intracortical inhibition in orientation tuning dynamics in the cat striate cortex neurons

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Shevelev ◽  
U. T. Eysel ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
G. A. Sharaev
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Dynamics of orientation tuning in the cat striate cortex neurons

Neuroscience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Shevelev ◽  
G.A. Sharaev ◽  
N.A. Lazareva ◽  
R.V. Novikova ◽  
A.S. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Plasticity of neuronal response properties in adult cat striate cortex

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MCLEAN ◽  
L.A. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Spatial Phase ◽  
Associative Conditioning ◽  
Phase Tuning ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

We have utilized an associative conditioning paradigm to induce changes in the receptive field (RF) properties of neurons in the adult cat striate cortex. During conditioning, the presentation of particular visual stimuli were repeatedly paired with the iontophoretic application of either GABA or glutamate to control postsynaptic firing rates. Similar paradigms have been used in kitten visual cortex to alter RF properties (Fregnac et al., 1988, 1992; Greuel et al., 1988; Shulz & Fregnac, 1992). Roughly half of the cells that were subjected to conditioning with stimuli differing in orientation were found to have orientation tuning curves that were significantly altered. In general, the modification in orientation tuning was not accompanied by a shift in preferred orientation, but rather, responsiveness to stimuli at or near the positively reinforced orientation was increased relative to controls, and responsiveness to stimuli at or near the negatively reinforced orientation was decreased relative to controls. A similar proportion of cells that were subjected to conditioning with stimuli differing in spatial phase were found to have spatial-phase tuning curves that were significantly modified. Conditioning stimuli typically differed by 90 deg in spatial phase, but modifications in spatial-phase angle were generally 30–40 deg. An interesting phenomenon we encountered was that during conditioning, cells often developed a modulated response to counterphased grating stimuli presented at the null spatial phase. We present an example of a simple cell for which the shift in preferred spatial phase measured with counterphased grating stimuli was comparable to the shift in spatial phase computed from a one-dimensional Gabor fit of the space-time RF profile. One of ten cells tested had a significant change in direction selectivity following associative conditioning. The specific and predictable modifications of RF properties induced by our associative conditioning procedure demonstrate the ability of mature visual cortical neurons to alter their integrative properties. Our results lend further support to models of synaptic plasticity where temporal correlations between presynaptic and postsynaptic activity levels control the efficiency of transmission at existing synapses, and to the idea that the mature visual cortex is, in some sense, dynamically organized.

The contribution of intracortical inhibition to dynamics of orientation tuning in cat striate cortex neurons

Neuroscience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A Shevelev ◽  
U.T Eysel ◽  
N.A Lazareva ◽  
G.A Sharaev
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Heterogeneity in the Responses of Adjacent Neurons to Natural Stimuli in Cat Striate Cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1326-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Cheng Yen ◽  
Jonathan Baker ◽  
Charles M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Repeated Presentation ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
Striate Neurons ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

When presented with simple stimuli like bars and gratings, adjacent neurons in striate cortex exhibit shared selectivity for multiple stimulus dimensions, such as orientation, direction, and spatial frequency. This has led to the idea that local averaging of neuronal responses provides a more reliable representation of stimulus properties. However, when stimulated with complex, time-varying natural scenes (i.e., movies), striate neurons exhibit highly sparse responses. This raises the question of how much response heterogeneity the local population exhibits when stimulated with movies, and how it varies with separation distance between cells. We investigated this question by simultaneously recording the responses of groups of neurons in cat striate cortex to the repeated presentation of movies using silicon probes in a multi-tetrode configuration. We found, first, that the responses of striate neurons to movies are brief (tens of milliseconds), decorrelated, and exhibit high population sparseness. Second, we found that adjacent neurons differed significantly in their peak firing rates even when they responded to the same frames of a movie. Third, pairs of adjacent neurons recorded on the same tetrodes exhibited as much heterogeneity in their responses as pairs recorded by different tetrodes. These findings demonstrate that complex natural scenes evoke highly heterogeneous responses within local populations, suggesting that response redundancy in a cortical column is substantially lower than previously thought.

Favored patterns in spike trains. II. Application

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dayhoff ◽  
G. L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex ◽  
Template Methods ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

In this paper we apply the two methods described in the companion paper (4) to experimentally recorded spike trains from two preparations, the crayfish claw and the cat striate cortex. Neurons in the crayfish claw control system produced favored patterns in 23 of 30 spike trains under a variety of experimental conditions. Favored patterns generally consisted of 3-7 spikes and were found to be in excess by both quantized and template methods. Spike trains from area 17 of the lightly anesthetized cat showed favored patterns in 16 of 27 cases (in quantized form). Some patterns were also found to be favored in template form; these were not as abundant in the cat data as in the crayfish data. Most firing of the cat neurons occurred at times near stimulation, and the observed patterns may represent stimulus information. Favored patterns generally contained up to 7 spikes. No obvious correlations between identified neurons or experimental conditions and the generation of favored patterns were apparent from these data in either preparation. This work adds to the existing evidence that pattern codes are available for use by the nervous system. The potential biological significance of pattern codes is discussed.

Functional connectivity between simple cells and complex cells in cat striate cortex

10.1038/1609 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Manuel Alonso ◽  
Luis M. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Directional selectivity and spatiotemporal structure of receptive fields of simple cells in cat striate cortex

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Reid ◽  
R. E. Soodak ◽  
R. M. Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Orientation Contrast ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

1. Simple cells in cat striate cortex were studied with a number of stimulation paradigms to explore the extent to which linear mechanisms determine direction selectivity. For each paradigm, our aim was to predict the selectivity for the direction of moving stimuli given only the responses to stationary stimuli. We have found that the prediction robustly determines the direction and magnitude of the preferred response but overestimates the nonpreferred response. 2. The main paradigm consisted of comparing the responses of simple cells to contrast reversal sinusoidal gratings with their responses to drifting gratings (of the same orientation, contrast, and spatial and temporal frequencies) in both directions of motion. Although it is known that simple cells display spatiotemporally inseparable responses to contrast reversal gratings, this spatiotemporal inseparability is demonstrated here to predict a certain amount of direction selectivity under the assumption that simple cells sum their inputs linearly. 3. The linear prediction of the directional index (DI), a quantitative measure of the degree of direction selectivity, was compared with the measured DI obtained from the responses to drifting gratings. The median value of the ratio of the two was 0.30, indicating that there is a significant nonlinear component to direction selectivity. 4. The absolute magnitudes of the responses to gratings moving in both directions of motion were compared with the linear predictions as well. Whereas the preferred direction response showed only a slight amount of facilitation compared with the linear prediction, there was a significant amount of nonlinear suppression in the nonpreferred direction. 5. Spatiotemporal inseparability was demonstrated also with stationary temporally modulated bars. The time course of response to these bars was different for different positions in the receptive field. The degree of spatiotemporal inseparability measured with sinusoidally modulated bars agreed quantitatively with that measured in experiments with stationary gratings. 6. A linear prediction of the responses to drifting luminance borders was compared with the actual responses. As with the grating experiments, the prediction was qualitatively accurate, giving the correct preferred direction but underestimating the magnitude of direction selectivity observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Receptive-field structure in cat striate cortex.

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Palmer ◽  
T L Davis
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

scholarly journals The velocity tuning of single units in cat striate cortex.

1975 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Movshon
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex
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