scholarly journals Heterosis and Selection in the Domestic Fowl

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Morris ◽  
FE Binet
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Parental Lines

Hybrids, generated by crossing highly selected and mildly inbred strains from two distinct breeds (viz. Australorp and White Leghorn) of Gallus domesticus, showed appreciable hybrid vigour with respect to the trait used in the parental lines as selection criterion, and also with respect to certain other traits.

Abnormalities in the plasma concentrations of thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine and growth hormone in sex-linked dwarf and autosomal dwarf White Leghorn domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Scanes ◽  
James Marsh ◽  
Eddy Decuypere ◽  
Peter Rudas
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plasma Hormone ◽  
Dwarf Chicken

Plasma concentrations of GH were high in young birds (2–12 weeks old) and low in older birds (15 and 18 weeks old) in the control Cornell K strain of White Leghorn fowl. There was little variation in the plasma concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) with age in this strain. Similar patterns of plasma hormone concentrations with age were observed in autosomal recessive dwarf chickens. However, the plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 tended to be depressed while that of GH was raised. There was little age-related change in the plasma concentrations of GH, T3 and T4 in sex-linked recessive dwarf chickens. Throughout growth and maturation the plasma concentrations of T3 in the sex-linked dwarf birds were less than 40% of those observed in the control strain. Plasma concentrations of T4 tended to be raised relative to the control in the sex-linked dwarf at each age examined. The plasma concentration of GH was raised only in older (12, 15 and 18 weeks old) sex-linked dwarfs. Liver T4-5′monodeiodinase activity was slightly depressed in autosomal dwarf chickens and very low in the sex-linked dwarf fowl. Neither autosomal nor sex-linked dwarfism appears to be due to hypopituitarism. It is probable that the depressed liver 5′monodeiodinase activity and the concomitant low plasma concentrations of T3 are a causative factor in the reduced growth and stature of the sex-linked dwarf chicken.

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF PINEAL UPTAKE OF 32P IN DOMESTIC FOWL

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. SACKMAN
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Light:Dark Cycle ◽  
Constant Dark

SUMMARY The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by the pineal gland in White Leghorn cockerels (Gallus domesticus) showed a diurnal variation with maxima in the light phase and minima in the dark phase of the light:dark cycle. Constant light caused the rhythm to disappear while constant dark had no effect other than lowering the amplitude of the variations. These data indicate that the rhythm in pineal uptake of 32P is circadian.

Changes in 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase activity in granulosa tissue during the ovulatory cycle of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Maximal Plasma ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The object of this study was to examine changes in the activity of granulosa 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase during the ovulatory cycle of the domestic fowl. The enzyme activity in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle increased significantly during the period 8–14 h before an expected ovulation. The increase in activity occurs before the preovulatory surge of LH and near the time of lights off. During the 4–8 h period before an ovulation, i.e. the time of maximal plasma LH concentrations, 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase activity decreased in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle. This observation is explained by proposing that the enzyme is inhibited by the large amounts of progesterone found in the tissue at this time. The results indicate that important biochemical changes are taking place within granulosa tissue of the largest ovarian follicle before the preovulatory LH surge. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 269–273

Nucleotide sequences and unusual electrophoretic behavior of the W chromosome-specific repeating DNA units of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus

Chromosoma ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kodama ◽  
Hisato Saitoh ◽  
Masahide Tone ◽  
Satoru Kuhara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Sakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior
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