Characteristics of local guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) production and breeding systems in northern Côte d'Ivoire's Poro region

Local guinea fowl are the second most abundant poultry resource in the area, behind local chickens, and they are exploited in an uncontrolled system that affects production. Rural poultry farmers in 12 villages in the departments of Korhogo and Sinématiali participated in a descriptive study on their agricultural system. 35 local guinea fowl owners were asked to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The findings show that in the Poro region, local méléagriculture is practiced solely in a large-scale system. This practice is restricted for men (94 %), supported by family members (68.60 %), and seen as secondary by the respondents (68.57 %). Farmers, planters, and retailers make up most of them (85.71 %). The original breeding nucleus was made up of eggs (80%) and female guinea fowl (14.28 %). Guinea fowls lay the first eggs at an average age of 7 months (54.28 percent), with the early ones around 6 months (20 %). The flocks are tiny (average of 25 guinea fowl) and are made up of mature (55.69%), young (23.11%), and early (11.40%) guinea fowl. All these guinea fowl have pearled feathers and are primarily grey (71.43 %). They live in rudimentary shelters and forage for food on the streets. The main causes of guinea fowl mortality (68.59 %) were rain and humidity, which had an impact on productivity. This region had the highest percentage of livestock items for sale (62.84%). The socio-economic position of the farmer, the farming method, and the utilization of chicken products were used to identify three agricultural sub-systems.

Beç Tavuklarında (Numida meleagris) Sayısal Görüntü Analizi ve Matematiksel Formüller Kullanılarak Yumurta Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

A total of 200 Guinea fowl (Numidae meleagris) eggs were obtained from guinea fowl flock at the age of 42 weeks of age, which are breeding at an altitude of 1240 m in the Wild Animals Breeding Station affiliated to Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs in Yozgat/Turkey. Eggs were taken at a resolution of 72 pixels per inch and 5184 × 3456 pixels in size, with the individual egg weights. Average Projection area (16,07 cm2), Perimeter (15,82 cm), Circularity (0,81), Height (5,17 cm), Width (4,04 cm), Mean grey value (82,82), Semi axis (2,02 cm), First long half height (2,96 cm), Second short half height (2,20 cm) values were determined by numerical image analysis. Mean Elongation (1,28), Shape Index (78,27) were calculated over the obtained data. Surface area (55,43 cm2), Height (5,16 cm), Width (3,77 cm), Elongation (1,37), Shape Index (73,01), Volume (40,14 cm3), Surface / Volume ratio (1,38), Shell weight (3,17 g), Shell thickness (0,28 mm), pore numbers (6666,25; 5132,39; 5011,12), pore density (120,32; 92,56; 90,31), Yellow ratio (14,85), Yellow Weight (5,95 g), Albumen Weight (30,75), Albumen ratio (77,21) parameters have been calculated using individual egg weights. Eggs were divided into 3 groups as 90 in terms of gray value, eggs 79 in terms of shape index, and 43 in terms of weight. The effects on the properties were investigated. As a result, it is thought that the data obtained can be used in scientific studies.

Multivariate Characterization of Morpho-biometric Traits of Indigenous Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

This study was embarked upon to characterise phenotypically helmeted guinea fowls in three agro-ecologies in Nigeria using multivariate approach. Eighteen biometric characters, four morphological indices and eleven qualitative (phaneroptic) traits were investigated in a total of 569 adult birds (158 males and 411 females). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney U test for post hoc, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), General Linear Model, Canonical Discriminant Analysis, Categorical Principal Component Analysis and Decision Trees were employed to discern the effects of agro-ecological zone and sex on the morphostructural parameters. Agro-ecology had significant effect (P<0.05; P <0.01) on all the colour traits. In general, the most frequently observed colour phenotype of guinea fowl had pearl plumage colour (54.0%), pale red skin colour (94.2%), black shank colour (68.7%), brown eye colour (49.7%), white earlobe colour (54.8%) and brown helmet colour (72.6%). The frequencies of helmet shape and wattle size were significantly influenced (P <0.01) by agro-ecology and sex. Overall, birds from the Southern Guinea Savanna zone had significantly higher values (P <0.05) for most biometric traits compared to their Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest counterparts. They were also more compact (120.83±1.61 vs. 113.96±0.97 vs. 111.33±1.19) and had lesser condition index (8.542±0.17 vs. 9.92±0.10 vs. 9.61±0.13) than their counterparts in the two other zones. The interaction between agro-ecology and sex had significant effect (P <0.05) on some quantitative variables. The MCA and discriminant analysis revealed considerable intermingling of the phaneroptic, biometric traits and body indices especially between the Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest birds. Inspite of the high level of genetic admixture, the guinea fowl populations could best be distinguished using wing length, body length and eye colour. However, further complementary work on genomics will guide future selection and breeding programmes geared towards improving the productivity, survival and environmental adaptation of indigenous helmeted guinea fowls in the tropics.

Performance characteristics and meat quality assessment of guinea fowl fed varied levels of dietary protein

Guinea fowl appears to be a promising poultry meat source but its production strength under most common extensive or semi-intensive impair the potentials, this work therefore was done to investigate the dietary protein requirement of 10 weeks old Guinea fowl fed exclusively with compounded feed under intensive system. It was conducted at the poultry unit of Teaching and Research Farm unit of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso and lasted for a period of 16 weeks. A total number of 120 growing guinea fowl birds were used for the experiment; they were equally and randomly distributed to four dietary treatments of three replicates per group with ten birds per replicate, they were randomly allocated to diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 which contained 16%, 18%, 20% and 22% crude protein respectively. Weekly weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were monitored. At the end of 15 weeks, two birds per replicate were randomly picked, housed in metabolic cage and their feacal samples were collected for nutrient analysis and digestibility study, blood samples were collected from same sampled birds for hematological characteristics, so also their meat samples for meat quality analysis. Highest final weight (1555.99g) was recorded from 18% followed by 20% (1517.55g) while the least final weight was recorded from 22% (1482.72g). The highest and least daily feed intake was recorded from 22%(99.53g) and 16% (86.37g) respectively. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the birds' nutrient 3 3 digestibility except for ash. Significantly (P<0.05) high value of WBC (19.53 xl0 /mm ) was 3 3 3 3 3 3 observed in 20% compared to 16.98 xl0 /mm , 12.65 xl0 /mm , 10.83 xl0 /mm from 16%, 18%, 22% respectively, while the differential counts (%) of monocytes, lymphocytes, heterophil, basophil obtained were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced. Crude protein content of the thigh and breast muscle increased (P<0.05) while the crude fat decreased with increased dietary protein while no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the values recorded for ash. Hence for better performance, 18% dietary protein should be fed considerably in the diet of growing guinea fowl. La volaille de Guinée semble être une source de viande de volaille prometteuse, mais sa résistance à la production sous tension étendue ou semi-intensif la plus fréquentée les potentiels, ce travail a donc été fait pour enquêter sur l'exigence de protéines alimentaires de 10 semaines de de poule de Guinée nourri exclusivement avec des aliments intensifs système. Elle a été réalisée à l'unité avicole de l'unité Ferme d'enseignement et de recherche de Ladoke Akintola, University of Technology Ogbomoso et a duré une période de 16 semaines. Un nombre total de 120 oiseaux à croissance de Guinée de croissance ont été utilisés pour l'expérience; Ils étaient également distribués de manière aléatoire et aléatoirement à quatre traitements diététiques de trois répliquant par groupe avec dix oiseaux par réplication, ils ont été alloués de manière aléatoire aux régimes 1, 2, 3 et 4 qui contenaient respectivement 16%, 18%, 20% et 22% de protéines brutes de brut respectivement . Le gain de poids hebdomadaire, l'apport d'alimentation et le rapport de conversion d'alimentation ont été surveillés. À la fin de 15 semaines, deux oiseaux par réplication ont été cueillis au hasard, hébergés dans une cage métabolique et leurs échantillons fantascaux ont été collectés pour l'analyse des éléments nutritifs et l'étude de digestibilité, des échantillons de sang ont été collectés à partir de mêmes oiseaux échantillonnés pour les caractéristiques hématologiques, ainsi que leurs échantillons de viande pour Analyse de la qualité de la viande. Le poids final le plus élevé (1555,99 g) a été enregistré de 18% suivi de 20% (1517,55g) tandis que le poids le moins final a été enregistré de 22% (1482,72 g). L'apport alimentaire le plus élevé et le moins quotidien a été comptabilisé de 22% (99.53 g) et de 16% (86,37 g) respectivement. Il y avait des différences significatives (p <0,05) dans la digestibilité des nutriments des oiseaux, à l'exception des cendres. Significativement (p <0,05) haute valeur de WBC (19,53 xl03 / mm3) a été observée dans 20% par rapport à 16,98 xl03 / mm3, 12,65 xl03 / mm3, 10,83 xl03 / mm3 de 16%, 18%, 22% respectivement, tandis que la Les comptes différentiels (%) des monocytes, des lymphocytes, hétérophiles, basophile obtenus n'étaient pas significativement (p> 0,05) influencés. La teneur en protéines brut de la cuisse et du muscle du sein a augmenté (p <0,05) tandis que la graisse brute a diminué avec une protéine alimentaire accrue, sans aucune différence significative (p> 0,05) n'a été observée dans les valeurs enregistrées pour les cendres. Par conséquent, pour une meilleure performance, une protéine diététique de 18% devrait être considérablement nourrie dans le nrégime alimentaire de la grosseur de la poule en guinée.

Analysis of Meat Consumption Pattern in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

The increasing awareness of the benefits of more nutritious, healthier and safer food products by consumers plays a vital role in the recent changes experienced in the food production chain, and meat products are no exception to this. The study investigated consumption pattern of meat in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data for the study were obtained from 120 respondents with the use of structured questionnaire analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. According to the study, chicken, turkey and beef with percentage frequencies 96.7%, 81.7% and 76.8% respectively were the most consumed meat types, while quail, rabbit and guinea fowl with percentage frequencies 6.7%, 7.5% and 12.5% respectively were the least consumed meat types. Also, income of the respondent with t-value 41.08 and a positively signed coefficient at 1% level of significance was found to have a direct effect on the monthly expenditure on preferred meat type. The study recommend there should be awareness on the nutritional benefits of consuming meats of low saturated fats and calorie contents such as rabbit, quail and guinea fowl and also to teach them how to raise these animals domestically.

Analysis of Meat Consumption Pattern in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

The increasing awareness of the benefits of more nutritious, healthier and safer food products by consumers plays a vital role in the recent changes experienced in the food production chain, and meat products are no exception to this. The study investigated consumption pattern of meat in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data for the study were obtained from 120 respondents with the use of structured questionnaire analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. According to the study, chicken, turkey and beef with percentage frequencies 96.7%, 81.7% and 76.8% respectively were the most consumed meat types, while quail, rabbit and guinea fowl with percentage frequencies 6.7%, 7.5% and 12.5% respectively were the least consumed meat types. Also, income of the respondent with t-value 41.08 and a positively signed coefficient at 1% level of significance was found to have a direct effect on the monthly expenditure on preferred meat type. The study recommend there should be awareness on the nutritional benefits of consuming meats of low saturated fats and calorie contents such as rabbit, quail and guinea fowl and also to teach them how to raise these animals domestically.