scholarly journals Estimating fine root longevity in a temperate Norway spruce forest using three independent methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Gaul ◽  
Dietrich Hertel ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Fine Root Longevity

The importance of root systems for C cycling depends crucially on fine root longevity. We investigated mean values for fine root longevity with root diameter, root C/N ratio and soil depth using radiocarbon (14C) analyses in a temperate Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] forest. In addition, we applied sequential soil coring and minirhizotron observations to estimate fine root longevity in the organic layer of the same stand. The mean radiocarbon age of C in fine roots increased with depth from 5 years in the organic layer to 13 years in 40–60 cm mineral soil depth. Similarly, the C/N ratios of fine root samples were lowest in the organic layer with a mean value of 24 and increased with soil depth. Roots >0.5 mm in diameter tended to live longer than those being <0.5 mm in diameter. By far the strongest variability in fine root longevity estimates was due to the chosen method of investigation, with radiocarbon analyses yielding much higher estimates (5.4 years) than sequential soil coring (0.9 years) and minirhizotron observations (0.7 years). We conclude that sequential soil coring and minirhizotron observations are likely to underestimate mean fine root longevity, and radiocarbon analyses may lead to an overestimation of mean root longevity.

scholarly journals A REVIEW: FACTORS INFLUENCING FINE ROOT LONGEVITY IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEI Li ◽  
◽  
WANG Zheng-Quan ◽  
CHENG Yun-Huan ◽  
Guo Da-Li
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fine Root Longevity

scholarly journals Quantity and distribution of fine root biomass in the intermediate stage of beech virgin forest Badínsky prales

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jaloviar ◽  
L. Bakošová ◽  
S. Kucbel ◽  
J. Vencurik
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Fine Root Length

The fine root biomass represents 3,372 kg/ha in the intermediate stage of the beech virgin forest with different admixture of goat willow, where the vast majority of this biomass is located in the uppermost mineral soil layer 0–10 cm. The variability of the fine root biomass calculated from 35 sample points represents approximately 90% of the mean value and reaches the highest value within the humus layer. The total fine root length investigated in 10 cm thick soil layers decreases with increasing soil depth. A significant linear relationship between the fine root length (calculated per 1 cm thick soil layer and 1 m<sup>2</sup> of stand area) and the soil depth was confirmed, although the correlation is rather weak. The number of root tips decreases with increasing soil depth faster than the root length. As the number of tips per 1 cm of root length remains in the finest diameter class without significant changes, the reason is above all a decreased proportion of the finest root class (diameter up to 0.5 mm) from the total fine root length within the particular soil layer.

Fine root longevity and controlling factors in aPhoebe Bourneiplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (23) ◽  
pp. 7532-7539
Author(s):  
郑金兴 ZHENG Jinxing ◽  
黄锦学 HUANG Jinxue ◽  
王珍珍 WANG Zhenzhen ◽  
熊德成 XIONG Decheng ◽  
杨智杰 YANG Zhijie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Fine Root Longevity

Fine-root longevity of Quercus ilex

2001 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lopez ◽  
S. Sabate ◽  
C. A. Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Fine Root Longevity

Root distribution and demography in an avocado (Persea americana) orchard under groundcover management systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya Atucha ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Michael G. Brown ◽  
Francisco Gardiazabal ◽  
Francisco Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Root Plasticity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Root Longevity

The effect of groundcover management systems on root demography and distribution of newly planted avocado (Persea americana Mill) trees was examined using minirhizotron techniques. We evaluated three groundcover systems: (1) bare soil (BS), pre- and post-emergence herbicides; (2) vegetation strip (VS), post-emergence herbicide applied in a 1-m wide strip centred on the tree row plus a groundcover mixture seeded between tree rows; and (3) complete groundcover (GC), covering the entire surface of the plots. Root production was higher in the non-bearing year (2009–10) than in the bearing year (2010–11). Trees in the BS plots had more roots of bigger diameter in the top 30 cm of soil and trees in VS and GC plots had more roots in the 30–60 cm depth and of smaller diameter. Lifespan of spring-born roots were 61 and 59% greater than those born during autumn and summer, respectively and soil depth and root diameter were positively correlated with root longevity. Lifespan of thinner roots (<0.2 mm) in the BS and VS plots were 49 and 33% greater than GC respectively. Avocado trees grown in contrasting condition compared with their native habitat show high morphological root plasticity, in response to resource and non-resource competition when grown in mixed stands.

scholarly journals Contrasting Root System Structure and Belowground Interactions between Black Spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P) and Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) in Boreal Mixedwoods of Eastern Canada

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudele Ghotsa Mekontchou ◽  
Daniel Houle ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Igor Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Boreal Mixedwoods

This study explored the underground interactions between black spruce and trembling aspen in pure and mixed stands to understand how their soil resource use help these species coexist in the boreal mixedwoods of Western Quebec. We analyzed species-specific fine root foraging strategies (root biomass and root tissue density) along three soil layers (organic, top 0–15 cm, and bottom 15–30 cm mineral soil), using 180 soil cores. We collected cores in three sites, each containing three 20 × 50 m2 plots of pure spruce, pure aspen, and mixed spruce and aspen stands. Spruce had a shallow rooting, whereas aspen had a deep rooting in both types of stands. Compared to pure spruce stands, spruce had a lower fine root biomass (FRB) and a higher root tissue density (RTD) in the organic layer of mixed stands. Both patterns were indicative of spruce’s more intensive resource use strategy and competitive advantage over aspen in that layer. Aspen FRB in the organic soil did not differ significantly between pure and mixed stands, but increased in the mineral soil of mixed stands. Since we did not observe a significant difference in the nutrient content of the mineral soil layer between pure aspen and mixed stands, we concluded that aspen may experience competitive exclusion in the organic layer by spruce. Aspen exhibited an extensive nutrient uptake strategy in the organic layer of mixed stands: higher FRB and lower RTD than spruce. In mixed stands, the differences in aspen rooting patterns between the organic and mineral layers suggested the use of contrasting nutrient uptake strategies along the soil profile. We speculate that the stronger spatial separation of the roots of spruce and aspen in mixed stands likely contribute to a higher partitioning of their nutrient uptake along the soil profile. These results indicate the competitive exclusion of aspen by spruce in boreal mixedwoods, which likely occurs in the soil organic layer.

Fine root longevity and controlling factors in subtropicalAltingia grlilipesandCastanopsis carlesiiforests

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1932-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
黄锦学 HUANG Jinxue ◽  
凌华 LING Hua ◽  
杨智杰 YANG Zhijie ◽  
卢正立 LU Zhengli ◽  
熊德成 XIONG Decheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Fine Root Longevity

Forms of organic C and P extracted from tropical soils as assessed by liquid-state 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Möller ◽  
K. Kaiser ◽  
W. Amelung ◽  
C. Niamskul ◽  
S. Udomsri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Chemical Structures

Transformation of soil organic phosphorus (SOP) is linked with the transformation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Yet, it is uncertain to which SOC structures the cycling of SOP is related, especially in tropical environments. To clarify this issue, we determined the vertical distribution of extractable C and P chemical structures in 4 soil profiles using solution 13C- and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy after extraction with 0.1 M NaOH/0.4 M NaF (1 : 1). Soils were from a cabbage cultivation with annual burning of weeds, a Pinus reforestation, a secondary forest, and a primary forest in northern Thailand. For all profiles, signals due to O-alkyl and carbonyl C dominated the 13C-NMR spectra (up to 50 and 22% of total spectral area, respectively). The proportions of alkyl and aryl C decreased, whereas carbonyl and O-alkyl C increased with soil depth. Sharp resonances at 135 and 177 ppm appeared in spectra of subsoil horizons. They indicated mellitic acid, an end-product of the oxidation of charred plant residues. The SOP forms comprised mainly orthophosphate diesters in the organic layer of the forests, whereas in the mineral horizons orthophosphate monoesters dominated the chemical composition of extractable SOP. The relationships between SOC and SOP forms in the organic floor layers of the forests were clearly different from those in the mineral soil horizons, indicating changed SOM dynamics upon contact with soil minerals. In the forest mineral soils, significant correlations between monoester-P and O-alkyl C (R = 0.84, P < 0.001) were found. Diester-P, teichoic acids, and phosphonates were positively correlated with aromatic C and negatively with O-alkyl C. At the same time, teichoic acids and phosphonates were positively correlated with short range-ordered Al and Fe oxide phases. These findings can be explained through an increasing microbial decay of aryl C and diester-P compounds that may be less effectively stabilised at lower depths.

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