scholarly journals Reply to Lee: Spatial sorting, assortative mating, and natural selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (31) ◽  
pp. E348-E348 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shine ◽  
G. P. Brown ◽  
B. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Spatial Sorting

Radical Epistasis and the Genotype-Phenotype Relationship

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sloan Wilson ◽  
Alexandra Wells
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Nk Model ◽  
Phenotypic Distribution ◽  
Adaptive Landscapes

Models of evolution often assume that the offspring of two genotypes, which are genetically intermediate by definition, are also phenotypically intermediate. The continuity between genotype and phenotype interferes with the process of evolution on multipeaked adaptive landscapes because the progeny of genotypes that lie on separate adaptive peaks fall into valleys of low fitness. This problem can be solved by epistasis, which disrupts the continuity between genotype and phenotype. In a five-locus sexual haploid model with maximum epistasis, natural selection in multipeak landscapes evolves a set of genotypes that a) occupy the adaptive peaks and b) give rise to each other by recombination. The epistatic genetic system therefore “molds” the phenotypic distribution to the adaptive landscape, without assortative mating or linkage disequilibrium. If the adaptive landscape is changed, a new set of genotypes quickly evolves that satisfies conditions a and b, above, for the new peaks. Our model may be relevant to a number of recalcitrant problems in biology and also stands in contrast to Kauffman's [3] NK model of evolution on rugged fitness surfaces, in which epistasis and recombination tend to constrain the evolutionary process.

scholarly journals Assortative flocking in crossbills and implications for ecological speciation

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1745) ◽  
pp. 4223-4229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie W. Smith ◽  
Stephanie M. Sjoberg ◽  
Matthew C. Mueller ◽  
Craig W. Benkman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Loxia Curvirostra ◽  
Call Type ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
Red Crossbills

How reproductive isolation is related to divergent natural selection is a central question in speciation. Here, we focus on several ecologically specialized taxa or ‘call types’ of red crossbills ( Loxia curvirostra complex), one of the few groups of birds providing much evidence for ecological speciation. Call types differ in bill sizes and feeding capabilities, and also differ in vocalizations, such that contact calls provide information on crossbill phenotype. We found that two call types of red crossbills were more likely to approach playbacks of their own call type than those of heterotypics, and that their propensity to approach heterotypics decreased with increasing divergence in bill size. Although call similarity also decreased with increasing divergence in bill size, comparisons of responses to familiar versus unfamiliar call types indicate that the decrease in the propensity to approach heterotypics with increasing divergence in bill size was a learned response, and not a by-product of calls diverging pleiotropically as bill size diverged. Because crossbills choose mates while in flocks, assortative flocking could lead indirectly to assortative mating as a by-product. These patterns of association therefore provide a mechanism by which increasing divergent selection can lead to increasing reproductive isolation.

Assortative Mating and Natural Selection in an Iris Hybrid Zone

Evolution ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. Cruzan ◽  
Michael L. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Hybrid Zone

scholarly journals Assortative mating at loci under recent natural selection in humans

Biosystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 104040
Author(s):  
Akihiro Nishi ◽  
Marcus Alexander ◽  
James H. Fowler ◽  
Nicholas A. Christakis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating

ASSORTATIVE MATING AND NATURAL SELECTION IN ANIRISHYBRID ZONE

Evolution ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1946-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. Cruzan ◽  
Michael L. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating

scholarly journals Evolution of dispersal can rescue populations from expansion load

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Peischl ◽  
Kimberly J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Spatial Sorting ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
Expansion Load ◽  
Probability Of Fixation

AbstractUnderstanding the causes and consequences of range expansions or range shifts has a long history in evolutionary biology. Recent theoretical, experimental, and empirical work has identified two particularly interesting phenomena in the context of species range expansions: (i) gene surfing and the relaxation of natural selection, and (ii) spatial sorting. The former can lead to an accumulation of deleterious mutations at range edges, causing an expansion load and slowing down expansion. The latter can create gradients in dispersal-related traits along the expansion axis and cause an acceleration of expansion. We present a theoretical framework that treats spatial sorting and gene surfing as spatial versions of natural selection and genetic drift, respectively. This model allows us to study analytically how gene surfing and spatial sorting interact, and to derive the probability of fixation of pleiotropic mutations at the expansion front. We use our results to predict the co-evolution of mean fitness and dispersal rates, taking into account the effects of random genetic drift, natural selection and spatial sorting, as well as correlations between fitnessand dispersal-related traits. We identify a “rescue effect” of spatial sorting, where the evolution of higher dispersal rates at the leading edge rescues the population from incurring expansion load.

scholarly journals Assortative mating, sexual selection and their consequences for gene flow in Littorina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Perini ◽  
Marina Rafajlović ◽  
Anja M. Westram ◽  
Kerstin Johannesson ◽  
Roger K. Butlin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Small Male ◽  
Mating Pattern ◽  
Barrier Effects ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Coastal Marine

AbstractWhen divergent populations are connected by gene flow, the establishment of complete reproductive isolation usually requires the joint action of multiple barrier effects. One example where multiple barrier effects are coupled consists of a single trait that is under divergent natural selection and also mediates assortative mating. Such multiple-effect traits can strongly reduce gene flow. However, there are few cases where patterns of assortative mating have been described quantitatively and their impact on gene flow has been determined. Two ecotypes of the coastal marine snail, Littorina saxatilis, occur in North Atlantic rocky-shore habitats dominated by either crab predation or wave action. There is evidence for divergent natural selection acting on size, and size-assortative mating has previously been documented. Here, we analyze the mating pattern in L. saxatilis with respect to size in intensively-sampled transects across boundaries between the habitats. We show that the mating pattern is mostly conserved between ecotypes and that it generates both assortment and directional sexual selection for small male size. Using simulations, we show that the mating pattern can contribute to reproductive isolation between ecotypes but the barrier to gene flow is likely strengthened more by sexual selection than by assortment.

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