Elly van Gelderen, ed. Cyclical Change Continued

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Keith Tse
Keyword(s):  
Cyclical Change

Seasonal and Cyclical Change in the Luteinizing Hormone Response to Kisspeptin in the Ewe

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Smith ◽  
Sofie N.H. Saleh ◽  
Iain J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Cyclical Change

Distribution of lipid in the lamellate endocuticle of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera)

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-457
Author(s):  
V.B. Wigglesworth
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cyclical Change ◽  
Apocrine Secretion ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Lipid Layers

The lamellate appearance of the cuticle in the abdomen of the Rhodnius larva conforms to the conception of Bouligand in being an optical artifact which results from the spiral arrangement of successive layers of oriented fibrils. But superimposed on this structure is an actual lamination of bound lipid with the same spacing. The relation of the lipid layers to the optical lamination changes with the aspect from which the system is viewed. There must therefore be a cyclical secretion of lipid by the epidermal cells. Since the period of this cycle agrees with the cycle of rotation of the fibrous layers, which is supposedly inherent in the chemistry of the system, it is possible that it is the lipid which controls or initiates this helicoidal ‘cholesteric crystallization’. There is evidence of a cyclical change in the secretion of lipid by the microvilli; it is suggested that there may be alternating cycles of eccrine and apocrine secretion, and that the lipid laminae represent the apocrine phases. The pore canals in Rhodnius are roughly cylindrical in cross-section, with lipid-impregnated walls. The contents of the lumen become slightly more electron opaque before the cuticle is stretched by feeding. There is probably some enzymic dissolution of the cuticle which precedes stretching; and this may concern particularly the lipid fraction. After the great distension and expansion of the cuticle which occur at feeding, lipid laminae can no longer be demonstrated in the old cuticle.

Cyclical change and problems of projection

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Elly van Gelderen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cyclical Change ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Feature Sharing ◽  
Linguistic Cycle ◽  
Syntactic Derivation ◽  
Labelling Algorithm

In diachronic change, specifiers are reanalysed as heads and heads as higher heads. When the older specifiers and heads are renewed, a linguistic cycle emerges. Explanations provided for these cycles include structural and featural economy (e.g. van Gelderen 2004; 2011). Chomsky’s (2013, 2015) focus on labelling as unconnected to merge makes it possible to see the cycles in another way, namely as resolutions to labelling problems. The Labelling Algorithm (LA) operates after merge is complete, when a syntactic derivation is transferred to the interfaces. When a head and a phrase merge, the LA determines that the head is the label by Minimal Search. Where two phrases merge, the LA cannot find the head and one of the phrases has to either move or share features with the other. This chapter argues that, in addition to Chomsky’s resolutions to labelling paradoxes, reanalysing a phrase as a head also resolves the paradox. It also shows that the third factor principle minimal search is preferable over feature-sharing. The change from phrase to head is frequent, as eight cross-linguistically attested changes show. In addition, in the renewal stage of a cycle, adjuncts are frequently incorporated as arguments showing a preference of set-merge (feature-sharing) over pair-merge.

Cycling through diachrony

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anne Breitbarth ◽  
Lieven Danckaert ◽  
Elisabeth Witzenhausen ◽  
Miriam Bouzouita
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Cyclical Change ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Linguistic Cycle ◽  
Generative Approach

The notion of ‘linguistic cycle’ has long been recognized as being relevant to the description of many processes of language change. This introduction deals with different phenomena of cyclical change, making clear that while grammaticalization is one area where cyclical change can be found, it is not the only one. The chapter provides an overview of the theoretical literature about cyclical change, with particular emphasis on a diachronic generative approach. It contextualizes the chapters in this volume against the background of this literature, and groups them into more theoretical and more empirical contributions, addressing cyclical changes in both the nominal and the clausal domains.

Cyclical change (review)

Language ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Agnes Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Cyclical Change

Semasiological cyclicity in the evolution of discourse markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Scivoletto
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Cyclical Change ◽  
Interpersonal Values ◽  
Temporal Conjunction

Abstract This study addresses the evolution of the Sicilian discourse marker mentri to explore the concept of cyclicity in semantic–pragmatic change. Stemming from Latin dŭm ĭntĕrim (‘while, in the meantime’), the temporal conjunction develops – like its Romance cognates – an adversative function meaning ‘whereas’, which further evolves from an oppositional to a counter-expectational contrast value meaning ‘though’. The latter serves as a bridging context for the emergence of discourse-pragmatic uses and is examined below. Mentri evolves as discourse marker: formally, it gains greater syntactic and positional independence, and it increases in scope; functionally, it displays both textual and interpersonal values. In its overall path, mentri shows a cyclical change in respect to the adversative function: oppositional contrast emerges out of the temporal meaning, it then develops into counter-expectation, and it eventually fades into the discourse-pragmatic values. The rise of mentri as a discourse marker is thus interpreted as a case of cyclicity from a semasiological perspective.

Cyclical change in Hungarian comparatives

Diachronica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bacskai-Atkari
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Cyclical Change ◽  
Formal Features

This paper examines cyclical changes in comparative subclauses, showing how operators are reanalysed as complementisers via the general mechanism of the relative cycle, and how this is related to whether certain lexical elements have to be deleted at the left periphery. I also show that only operators appearing without a lexical XP can be grammaticalised, which follows from the nature of the formal features associated with the various operator elements. Though the main focus is on Hungarian historical data, the framework can be applied to other languages too, such as German and Italian, since the changes stem from general principles of economy.

scholarly journals Structural consequences of cyclical change for marginal group employment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tåhlin ◽  
Johan Westerman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
Cyclical Change ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Asymmetrical Pattern ◽  
Marginal Employment ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
General Demand ◽  
Employment Decline

In Sweden and many other countries, young people and immigrants are facing increasing difficulties in finding employment. We suggest that the decline in employment prospects for marginal groups to a significant extent can be explained by skill upgrading and over-education. In two recent papers focusing on youth and immigrants, respectively, we find support for these hypotheses. The present paper examines how the long-term evolution of youth male employment is linked to cyclical economic change, and in particular to recessions. We base our empirical analyses on data from 31 OECD countries, 1970 to 2018. A basic hypothesis we aim to test is whether the distribution of cyclical points around the line of long-run evolution of general employment has a vertically asymmetrical pattern with respect to marginal employment, such that the relative employment rate of marginal groups declines more in economic downturns (recessions) than it rises in economic upturns. If this asymmetry occurs systematically (repeatedly) over extended periods of time, cyclical change will have structural effects. We find support for this hypothesis based on our analysis of youth male employment. We suggest that two kinds of mechanism are at work in the interaction between cyclical and structural change. The first mechanism is operating from the structure to the cycle: low-skill jobs become increasingly unviable economically, but only slowly and gradually until a marked loss in general demand triggers significant employment decline tilted toward low-skill jobs. Restructuring of work organizations in the wake of the recession makes the return of low-skill jobs in the recovery less than complete. The second kind of mechanism operates in the other direction, i.e., from the cycle to the structure: the rate of educational expansion typically accelerates in recessions. This will in turn speed up the rate of over-education which tends to have a negative impact on marginal employment. We provide descriptive empirical evidence indicating that both these mechanisms are indeed active. In sum, recessions accelerate upward shifts in the skill structure that in turn depress the labor market prospects of male youth, with both links in the chain being of a lasting rather than temporary kind.

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