Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) vector-mediated in vivo gene transfer into adult rabbit retina

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Cheng ◽  
Sunan Chaidhawangul ◽  
Flossie Wong-Staal ◽  
James Gilbert ◽  
Eric Poeschla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
In Vivo Gene Transfer

scholarly journals Direct Evidence of Lower Viral Replication Rates In Vivo in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Infection than in HIV-1 Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 5325-5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam MacNeil ◽  
Abdoulaye Dieng Sarr ◽  
Jean-Louis Sankalé ◽  
Seema Thakore Meloni ◽  
Souleymane Mboup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Viral Mrna ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is less pathogenic than HIV-1, with a lower rate of disease progression. Similarly, plasma viral loads are lower in HIV-2 infection, suggesting that HIV-2 replication is restricted in vivo in comparison to that of HIV-1. However, to date, in vivo studies characterizing replication intermediates in the viral life cycle of HIV-2 have been limited. In order to test the hypothesis that HIV-2 has a lower replication rate in vivo than HIV-1 does, we quantified total viral DNA, integrated proviral DNA, cell-associated viral mRNA, and plasma viral loads in peripheral blood samples from groups of therapy-naïve HIV-1-infected (n = 21) and HIV-2-infected (n = 18) individuals from Dakar, Senegal, with CD4+ T-cell counts of >200/μl. Consistent with our previous findings, total viral DNA loads were similar between HIV-1 and HIV-2 and plasma viral loads were higher among HIV-1-infected individuals. Proportions of DNA in the integrated form were also similar between these viruses. In contrast, levels of viral mRNA were lower in HIV-2 infection. Our study indicates that HIV-2 is able to establish a stable, integrated proviral infection in vivo, but that accumulation of viral mRNA is attenuated in HIV-2 infection relative to that in HIV-1 infection. The differences in viral mRNA are consistent with the differences in plasma viral loads between HIV-1 and HIV-2 and suggest that lower plasma viral loads, and possibly the attenuated pathogenesis of HIV-2, can be explained by lower rates of viral replication in vivo.

scholarly journals Randomization and In Vivo Selection Reveal a GGRG Motif Essential for Packaging Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 RNA

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyba T. Baig ◽  
Jean-Marc Lanchy ◽  
J. Stephen Lodmell
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Rna Packaging ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The packaging signal (ψ) of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is present in the 5′ noncoding region of RNA and contains a 10-nucleotide palindrome (pal; 5′-392-GGAGUGCUCC) located upstream of the dimerization signal stem-loop 1 (SL1). pal has been shown to be functionally important in vitro and in vivo. We previously showed that the 3′ side of pal (GCUCC-3′) is involved in base-pairing interactions with a sequence downstream of SL1 to make an extended SL1, which is important for replication in vivo and the regulation of dimerization in vitro. However, the role of the 5′ side of pal (5′-GGAGU) was less clear. Here, we characterized this role using an in vivo SELEX approach. We produced a population of HIV-2 DNA genomes with random sequences within the 5′ side of pal and transfected these into COS-7 cells. Viruses from COS-7 cells were used to infect C8166 permissive cells. After several weeks of serial passage in C8166 cells, surviving viruses were sequenced. On the 5′ side of pal there was a striking convergence toward a GGRGN consensus sequence. Individual clones with consensus and nonconsensus sequences were tested in infectivity and packaging assays. Analysis of individuals that diverged from the consensus sequence showed normal viral RNA and protein synthesis but had replication defects and impaired RNA packaging. These findings clearly indicate that the GGRG motif is essential for viral replication and genomic RNA packaging.

scholarly journals Lentiviral vectors containing the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 central polypurine tract can efficiently transduce nondividing hepatocytes and antigen-presenting cells in vivo

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry VandenDriessche ◽  
Lieven Thorrez ◽  
Luigi Naldini ◽  
Antonia Follenzi ◽  
Lieve Moons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Lentiviral Vectors ◽  
Lentiviral Transduction ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Abstract High-titer self-inactivating human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)–based vectors expressing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene that contained the central polypurine and termination tract and the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element were constructed. Transduction efficiency and biodistribution were determined, following systemic administration of these improved lentiviral vectors. In adult severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, efficient stable gene transfer was achieved in the liver (8.0% ± 6.0%) and spleen (24% ± 3%). Most transduced hepatocytes and nonhepatocytes were nondividing, thereby obviating the need to induce liver cell proliferation. In vivo gene transfer with this improved lentiviral vector was relatively safe since liver enzyme concentration in the plasma was only moderately and transiently elevated. In addition, nondividing major histocompatibility complex class II–positive splenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were efficiently transduced in SCID and normal mice. Furthermore, B cells were efficiently transduced, whereas T cells were refractory to lentiviral transduction in vivo. However, in neonatal recipients, lentiviral transduction was more widespread and included not only hepatocytes and splenic APCs but also cardiomyocytes. The present study suggests potential uses of improved lentiviral vectors for gene therapy of genetic blood disorders resulting from serum protein deficiencies, such as hemophilia, and hepatic disease. However, the use of liver-specific promoters may be warranted to circumvent inadvertent transgene expression in APCs. In addition, these improved lentiviral vectors could potentially be useful for genetic vaccination and treatment of perinatal cardiac disorders.

scholarly journals Cytopathicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) in Human Lymphoid Tissue Is Coreceptor Dependent and Comparable to That of HIV-1

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (20) ◽  
pp. 9594-9600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Schramm ◽  
Michael L. Penn ◽  
Emil H. Palacios ◽  
Robert M. Grant ◽  
Frank Kirchhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is markedly less pathogenic than HIV-1 in vivo. Individuals infected with HIV-2 exhibit a remarkably slow rate of disease development, and these clinical properties have been attributed presumptively to an “attenuated” phenotype of HIV-2 itself. Here, we investigated the impact of coreceptor usage on the cytopathicity of HIV-2 and compared its pathogenic potential with that of HIV-1 in a unique human lymphoid histoculture model. We found that HIV-2 strains, as well as closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), displayed mildly or highly aggressive cytopathic phenotypes depending on their abilities to use the coreceptor CCR5 or CXCR4, respectively. A side-by-side comparison of primary X4 HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains revealed similar, high degrees of cytopathicity induced by both HIV types. Furthermore, we found that HIV-2 coreceptor specificity for CCR5 and CXCR4 determined the target cell population for T-cell depletion in lymphoid tissue. Finally, utilization of the alternate coreceptors BOB and Bonzo did not significantly increase the cytopathic properties of HIV-2. These findings demonstrate that coreceptor preference is a key regulator of target cell specificity and the cytopathic potential of HIV-2, with indistinguishable rules compared with HIV-1. Moreover, HIV-2 strains are not characterized by an intrinsically lower cytopathicity than HIV-1 strains. Therefore, direct cytopathic potential per se does not explain the unique behavior of HIV-2 in people, highlighting that other unknown factors need to be elucidated as the basis for their lesser virulence in vivo.

scholarly journals In vivo genetic variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 V3 region.

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 4546-4550 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Boeri ◽  
A Giri ◽  
F Lillo ◽  
G Ferrari ◽  
O E Varnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
V3 Region

Biological and molecular variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates from The Gambia.

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 5177-5182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T F Schulz ◽  
D Whitby ◽  
J G Hoad ◽  
T Corrah ◽  
H Whittle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Independent fluctuation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rev and gp41 quasispecies in vivo.

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 4502-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
L P Martins ◽  
N Chenciner ◽  
B Asjö ◽  
A Meyerhans ◽  
S Wain-Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in macaques after simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac superinfection.

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1564-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Petry ◽  
U Dittmer ◽  
C Stahl-Hennig ◽  
C Coulibaly ◽  
B Makoschey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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