Claviceps africana (ergot).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Claviceps Africana

Abstract C. africana is the ergot pathogen of Sorghum bicolor, now found in most sorghum-producing areas of the world. It is primarily a problem for hybrid seed production, but epidemics on local varieties have occurred (Pazoutová and Frederickson, 2005). Large numbers of secondary conidia produced on infected panicles become airborne and are presumed to be the means by which the fungus has spread rapidly across continents in recent years. The fungus may also be carried in the form of sclerotia and/or sphacelia among harvested seed, and this may be the means of spread between continents, but the seed lots can be cleaned or treated with fungicides. Alternative hosts are predominantly wild and weedy Sorghum spp., but some wild grasses can become infected; any of these might provide a reservoir between planting seasons or a bridge between regions.

scholarly journals Production of caffeine alkaloid by Claviceps sorghi

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-448
Author(s):  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Peter Gregory Mantle ◽  
Mari Inês C. Boff ◽  
Cassandro V. T. do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile

The ergot disease of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), caused by the fungus Claviceps sorghi, restricted to the Indian sub-continent, is a disease in which the pathogen infects the florets, colonizing the unfertilized ovaries. Losses are higher in hybrid seed production fields due to a higher susceptibility of male sterile lines. The sclerotia of C. sorghi have never been found to contain alkaloids with a tetracyclic ergoline ring system, which is normal in most ergot pathogens. In this work, we show that sclerotia of C. sorghi contain caffeine alkaloid and the ability to produce it in vitro.

Techniques of Hybrid Seed Production in Egg Plant

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Vindhyachal Prasad ◽  
S. K. Dasgupta ◽  
S. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Egg Plant

scholarly journals Molecular regulation ofZmMs7required for maize male fertility and development of a dominant male-sterility system in multiple species

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23499-23509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli An ◽  
Biao Ma ◽  
Meijuan Duan ◽  
Zhenying Dong ◽  
Ruogu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Pollen Exine ◽  
Multiple Species

Understanding the molecular basis of male sterility and developing practical male-sterility systems are essential for heterosis utilization and commercial hybrid seed production in crops. Here, we report molecular regulation by genic male-sterility genemaize male sterility 7(ZmMs7) and its application for developing a dominant male-sterility system in multiple species.ZmMs7is specifically expressed in maize anthers, encodes a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger protein that functions as a transcriptional activator, and plays a key role in tapetal development and pollen exine formation. ZmMs7 can interact with maize nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) subunits to form ZmMs7-NF-YA6-YB2-YC9/12/15 protein complexes that activate target genes by directly binding to CCAAT box in their promoter regions. Premature expression ofZmMs7in maize by an anther-specific promoterp5126results in dominant and complete male sterility but normal vegetative growth and female fertility. Early expression ofZmMs7downstream genes induced by prematurely expressed ZmMs7 leads to abnormal tapetal development and pollen exine formation inp5126-ZmMs7maize lines. Thep5126-ZmMs7transgenic rice andArabidopsisplants display similar dominant male sterility. Meanwhile, themCherrygene coupled withp5126-ZmMs7facilitates the sorting of dominant sterility seeds based on fluorescent selection. In addition, both thems7-6007recessive male-sterility line andp5126-ZmMs7Mdominant male-sterility line are highly stable under different genetic germplasms and thus applicable for hybrid maize breeding. Together, our work provides insight into the mechanisms of anther and pollen development and a promising technology for hybrid seed production in crops.

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