scholarly journals Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Eragrostis amabilis is an annual terrestrial grass with pan-tropical distribution, naturalized elsewhere in the neo-tropics, that is used as an ornamental grass and for lawns. It is a common weed in disturbed, open areas, such as those close to forest margins and along roadsides, and often grows as a weed in upland rice crops in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is listed as invasive in the Pacific Islands, Central America and Cuba, but no further information is available about its impacts or invasiveness in natural or semi-natural habitats in its non-native range.

Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Eragrostis amabilis is an annual terrestrial grass with pan-tropical distribution, naturalized elsewhere in the neo-tropics, that is used as an ornamental grass and for lawns. It is a common weed in disturbed, open areas, such as those close to forest margins and along roadsides, and often grows as a weed in upland rice crops in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is listed as invasive in the Pacific Islands, Central America and Cuba, but no further information is available about its impacts or invasiveness in natural or semi-natural habitats in its non-native range.

Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.

scholarly journals Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.

scholarly journals Transcription Profile and Genomic Variations of Oryctes Rhinoceros Nudivirus in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
Rhys Parry ◽  
Marie Joy B. Beltran ◽  
Michael J. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
The Pacific

ABSTRACT Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus which has been used as a biocontrol agent to suppress the coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. A new wave of O. rhinoceros incursions in Oceania is thought to be related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles. In this study, chronically infected beetles were collected from Philippines, Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the Solomon Islands (SI). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate the global viral gene expression profiles and for comparative genomic analysis of structural variations. Maximum likelihood phylogenic analysis indicated that OrNV strains from the SI and Philippines are closely related, while OrNV strains from PNG and Fiji formed a distinct adjacent clade. We detected several polymorphic sites with a frequency higher than 35% in 892 positions of the viral genome. Nonsynonymous mutations were detected in several hypothetical proteins and 15 nudivirus core genes, such as gp034, lef-8, lef-4, and vp91. We found limited evidence of variation in viral gene expression among geographic populations. Only a few genes, such as gp01, gp022, and gp107, were differentially expressed among different strains. Additionally, small RNA sequencing from the SI population suggested that OrNV is targeted by the host RNA interference (RNAi) response with abundant 21-nucleotide small RNAs. Some of these genomic changes are specific to the geographic population and could be related to particular phenotypic characteristics of the strain, such as viral pathogenicity or transmissibility, and this requires further investigation. IMPORTANCE Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus has been an effective biocontrol agent against the coconut rhinoceros beetle in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands for decades. The recent outbreak of these beetles in many South Pacific islands has had a significant impact on livelihoods in the region. It has been suggested that the resurgence and spread of the pest are related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles. We examined viral genomic and transcriptional variations in chronically infected beetles from different geographical populations. A high number of polymorphic sites among several geographical strains of OrNV were identified, but potentially only a few of these variations in the genome are involved in functional changes and can potentially alter the typical function. These findings provide valuable resources for future studies to improve our understanding of the OrNV genetic variations in different geographic regions and their potential link to virus pathogenicity.

scholarly journals European and Asian contribution to the genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Herrera ◽  
Spiridoula Kraitsek ◽  
Jose A. Alcalde ◽  
Daniel Quiroz ◽  
Herman Revelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
South America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Island Southeast Asia ◽  
The Pacific

Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America. The genetic analysis of newly generated chicken mitochondrial control region sequences from South America showed that the majority of chickens from the continent belong to mitochondrial haplogroup E. The rest belongs to haplogroups A, B and C, albeit at very low levels. Haplogroup D, a ubiquitous mitochondrial lineage in Island Southeast Asia and on Pacific Islands is not observed in continental South America. Modern-day mainland South American chickens are, therefore, closely allied with European and Asian chickens. Furthermore, we find high levels of genetic contributions from South Asian chickens to those in Europe and South America. Our findings demonstrate that modern-day genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens appear to have clear European and Asian contributions, and less so from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, there is also some indication that South Asia has more genetic contribution to European chickens than any other Asian chicken populations.

scholarly journals Retrospective seroepidemiological study of chikungunya infection in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific region

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. NGWE TUN ◽  
S. INOUE ◽  
K. Z. THANT ◽  
N. TALEMAITOGA ◽  
A. ARYATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Focus Reduction

SUMMARYChikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) of the genusAlphavirus, family Togaviridae are mainly transmitted byAedesmosquitoes and the symptoms they cause in patients are similar to dengue. A chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak re-emerged in several Asian countries during 2005–2006. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of CHIKV infection in suspected dengue patients in six countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Seven hundred forty-eight serum samples were from dengue-suspected patients in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and 52 were from patients in Fiji. The samples were analysed by CHIKV IgM capture ELISA, CHIKV IgG indirect ELISA and focus reduction neutralization test against CHIKV or RRV. CHIK-confirmed cases in South Asia, particularly Myanmar and Sri Lanka, were 4·6%, and 6·1%, respectively; and in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam, were 27·4%, 26·8% and 25·0%, respectively. It suggests that CHIK was widely spread in these five countries in Asia. In Fiji, no CHIK cases were confirmed; however, RRV-confirmed cases represented 53·6% of suspected dengue cases. It suggests that RRV is being maintained or occasionally entering from neighbouring countries and should be considered when determining a causative agent for dengue-like illness in Fiji.

The clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4833 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-64
Author(s):  
AXEL KALLIES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The Pacific

In this study, the clearwing moths (Sesiidae) of Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands are reviewed. A total of 58 species belonging to 18 genera are recognized as native to this region. This includes the following new species and genera: Lophocnema mackeyi spec. nov. (Australia), Oligophlebia insurgia spec. nov. (New Guinea), Micrecia capillaria spec. nov. (New Guinea), Micrecia kuukuyau spec. nov. (Australia), Micrecia hawkei spec. nov. (Australia), Lamellisphecia sanguinea spec. nov. (New Guinea), Specodoptera hiltoni spec. nov. (New Guinea), Specodoptera hiltoni hibernia spec. nov., ssp. nov. (New Guinea), Aegerosphecia rufea spec. nov. (New Guinea), Melittia flanneryi spec. nov. (New Guinea), Melittia pyroptella spec. nov. (Australia), Archaeosesia milleri gen. nov. et spec. nov. (New Guinea), Nokona kungkay spec. nov. (Australia), Nokona bipora spec. nov. (New Guinea), Pseudosesia muyuae spec. nov. (New Guinea), Pseudosesia sumoensis spec. nov. (New Guinea), Pseudosesia sepikensis spec. nov. (New Guinea), Paranthrenella terminalia spec. nov. (New Guinea), Paranthrenella brandti spec. nov. (New Guinea), Paranthrenella lelatensis sp. nov. (New Guinea). Furthermore, 35 new combinations and each four new generic and species synonyms are introduced, while two genera and three species are resurrected from synonymy. Each 4 taxa at the species and genus levels are considered new synonyms. Six species are listed that originally derive from Africa, Europe, Northern Africa or Central America and were introduced into Australia or some of the Pacific Islands accidentally or deliberately. 

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