Antibody-Mediated Immunotoxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit E. G. Smits ◽  
Gary R. Bortolotti
2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2570-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim J. Fernie ◽  
Sarah C. Marteinson ◽  
David M. Bird ◽  
Ian J. Ritchie ◽  
Robert J. Letcher

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1685-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle D. Saumier ◽  
Manfred E. Rau ◽  
David M. Bird

Trichinella pseudospiralis infections induced mild behavioural changes in the American kestrel host (Falco sparverius) within the first 5 days postinoculation, a period that corresponds to the adult phase of the infection. However, more severe effects on mobility were precipitated as the larvae migrated and became established in the musculature. The debilitation persisted for at least 5 weeks postinoculation and involved a reduction in exercising, flying, elevated perching, and preening, and was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of walking and floor perching. Such behavioural effects, attributable to the presence of muscle larvae, may reduce the competitive fitness of infected individuals. The muscle larvae were randomly distributed among various muscle groups.


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