Naturally occurring naphthoquinones (NQs) comprising highly reactive small molecules are
the subject of increasing attention due to their promising biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial,
apoptosis-inducing activities, and especially anticancer activity. Lapachol, lapachone, and
napabucasin belong to the NQs and are in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of many cancers.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the biological activities of several
new NQs isolated from different species of plants reported from January 2013 to January 2020,
their potential therapeutic applications and their clinical significance.
Phase II clinical trials with time-to-event endpoints: optimal two-stage designs with one-sample log-rank test