Ecological Approaches to an Age-Friendly Portland and Multnomah County

Objectives: Violence due to firearms is a substantial public health problem. Death data from medical examiner and vital records were linked to evaluate the use of medical examiner data to augment routine surveillance and determine any differences in sex, age, manner of death, or race and ethnicity between the 2 data systems. Materials and Methods: Medical examiner data were searched for keywords of interest, and vital records data were obtained and linked for deaths occurring in Multnomah County, Oregon, from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2016. Both data sets were compared for the number and proportion of firearm-related deaths by sex, age, manner of death, and race/ethnicity. Sensitivity and positive predictive values were calculated for variables that had discordant results. Results: A total of 568 firearm-related deaths were identified in the medical examiner data. After matching with manual review, the 2 data systems had 100% case agreement. A reverse match showed that most cases not found in medical examiner data were due to transfer of case jurisdiction. The 2 systems matched nearly perfectly in sex, age, and manner of death but differed in characterization of race and ethnicity. Sensitivity was 62% for Hispanic ethnicity but 93% for white and black race. Practice Implications: Using medical examiner data was a useful way to augment routine surveillance of firearm-related deaths in our jurisdiction in close to real time. However, caution is needed when analyzing data by subgroups because of discordant classifications of race between the data systems.

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Compliance with Closest Hospital Transport Protocol

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00039571 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert L. Norton ◽

Edward A. Bartkus ◽

Keith W. Neely ◽

John A. Schriver ◽

Jerris R. Hedges

Keyword(s):

Trauma System ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Patient Transport ◽

Multnomah County ◽

Ground Ambulance ◽

Hospital Transport ◽

Trauma Score ◽

Injured Patients ◽

To Receive ◽

Multiple Patients

AbstractHypothesis:Paramedics accurately estimate the closest trauma hospital for ground transport.Population:Ground ambulance scene transports of trauma system patients to six participating trauma hospitals in Multnomah County, Oregon from 1 January 1986 to 1 January 1987 were studied. Transports involving multiple patients or pediatric patients were excluded.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive patient transports to be taken to the closest trauma hospital as required by protocol. The availability of each hospital to receive trauma patients was monitored continuously by a central communications facility. Paramedics were provided hospital availability data at the time of patient system entry. When several hospitals were available, the paramedics were required by protocol to select the “closest” hospital. Subsequently, the vector distance from the trauma site to each of the available hospitals was measured using a grid map. This method was validated by odometer measurement (r2 = 0.924). Chisquare analysis was used to analyze hospital bypasses to specific hospitals.Results:Of the 1193 eligible patients entered into the trauma system, 160 (13%; 95% CI = 11–15%) transports bypassed the closest available hospital for a receiving hospital ≥1 mile more distant. There were 11 (1%; 0–2%) patients transported to a hospital more than five miles more distant. Of the 132 patients with a trauma score (TS) <12, 15 (11%; 6–18%) were taken to a hospital one mile or further beyond the closest hospital. None (0%; 0–2%) were transported more than five miles past the closest hospital. Of the six hospitals, three were bypassed more than one mile significantly more often then they received bypass patients. One hospital received such patients four times more than it was bypassed (p <.001).Conclusion:While paramedics generally can identify the closest hospital for trauma patient transport, some systematic hospital bypass errors occur. If a community wants assurance of an equitable patient distribution among participating trauma hospitals and assignment of the closest geographic hospital for injured patients, then map vector distance determination to identify the closest available hospital should supplement paramedic dispatching.

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Foods of Plethodon Iarselli, Plethodon dunni and Ensatina eschscholtzi in the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, Oregon

The American Midland Naturalist ◽

10.2307/2423925 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronald Altig ◽

Edmund D. Brodie

Keyword(s):

Columbia River ◽

Multnomah County

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Oregon's Newest Detention Home: Multnomah County Meets Standards

Juvenile Court Judges Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1755-6988.1952.tb01684.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 18-18

Author(s):

DONALD E. LONG

Keyword(s):

Multnomah County

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Counting on Context: Cross-Sector Collaborations for Education and the Legacy of James Coleman’s Sociological Vision

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/0002716217735284 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 674 (1) ◽

pp. 262-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carolyn Riehl ◽

Melissa A. Lyon

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

Social Services ◽

Social Ties ◽

The United States ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Multnomah County ◽

Outcomes For Children ◽

Available Information ◽

Education Business

Many localities across the United States are pursuing efforts to improve outcomes for children and youth through place-based, cross-sector collaborations among education, business, government, philanthropy, and social services agencies. In this article, we examine these place-based initiatives, investigating how they attempt to ameliorate educational inequity and how they might reflect the broader sociological vision of James S. Coleman. We draw from publicly available information on a set of 182 cross-sector collaborations across the United States and from in-depth case studies of collaborations in Buffalo, New York; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Portland/Multnomah County, Oregon. We find evidence that in some ways, cross-sector collaborations contribute to improving schools, offer interventions and resources to support families and communities, and attempt to revitalize localities with strong norms and social ties to support education and equity. However, these outcomes are not yet fully formed, widespread, or guaranteed to last over time.

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