Acute Toxic Effects of Nerve Agent VX on Respiratory Dynamics and Functions Following Microinsillation Inhalation Exposure in Guinea Pigs

This study investigates the toxic effects of sarin on respiratory dynamics following microinstillation inhalation exposure in guinea pigs. Animals are exposed to sarin for 4 minutes, and respiratory functions are monitored at 4 hours and 24 hours by whole-body barometric plethysmography. Data show significant changes in respiratory dynamics and function following sarin exposure. An increase in respiratory frequency is observed at 4 hours post exposure compared with saline controls. Tidal volume and minute volume are also increased in sarin-exposed animals 4 hours after exposure. Peak inspiratory flow increases, whereas peak expiratory flow increases at 4 hours and is erratic following sarin exposure. Animals exposed to sarin show a significant decrease in expiratory time and inspiratory time. End-inspiratory pause is unchanged whereas end-expiratory pause is slightly decreased 24 hours after sarin exposure. These results indicate that inhalation exposure to sarin alters respiratory dynamics and function at 4 hours, with return to normal levels at 24 hours post exposure.

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Acute microinstillation inhalation exposure to soman induces changes in respiratory dynamics and functions in guinea pigs

Inhalation Toxicology ◽

10.1080/08958370802331217 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 648-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexandre M. Katos ◽

Michele Conti ◽

Theodore S. Moran ◽

Thomas W. Chon ◽

Richard K. Gordon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Respiratory Dynamics

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Acute Toxic Effects of Inhaled Dichlorvos Vapor on Respiratory Mechanics and Blood Cholinesterase Activity in Guinea Pigs

Inhalation Toxicology ◽

10.1080/08958370701805709 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 465-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James T. Taylor ◽

Emily Davis ◽

Paul Dabisch ◽

Mike Horsmon ◽

Kathy Matson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Cholinesterase Activity ◽

Respiratory Mechanics ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Acute Toxic

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Protective Effects of Aerosolized Scopolamine Against Soman-Induced Acute Respiratory Toxicity in Guinea Pigs

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581811415874 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 639-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michael W. Perkins ◽

Zdenka Pierre ◽

Peter Rezk ◽

Jian Song ◽

Samuel Oguntayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Antimuscarinic Agent ◽

Lung Histology ◽

Respiratory Dynamics ◽

Respiratory Toxicity

The protective efficacy of the antimuscarinic agent scopolamine was evaluated against soman (o-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate [GD])-induced respiratory toxicity in guinea pigs. Anesthetized animals were exposed to GD (841 mg/m3) by microinstillation inhalation exposure and treated 30 seconds later with endotracheally aerosolized scopolamine (0.25 mg/kg) and allowed to recover for 24 hours. Treatment with scopolamine significantly increased survival and reduced clinical signs of toxicity and body weight loss in GD-exposed animals. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid showed normalization of GD-induced increased cell death, total cell count, and protein following scopolamine treatment. The BAL fluid acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase levels were also increased by scopolamine treatment. Respiratory dynamics parameters were normalized at 4 and 24 hours post–GD exposure in scopolamine-treated animals. Lung histology showed that scopolamine treatment reduced bronchial epithelial and subepithelial inflammation and multifocal alveolar septal edema. These results suggest that aerosolized scopolamine considerably protects against GD-induced respiratory toxicity.

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