RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS ON WORKERS WHEN APPLYING OBERON RAPID 240 SC

the issue of uncontrolled pesticides application is quite acute in the system of state control over the use of chemical plant protection products and is of a global nature. Indeed, the dangerous effect of chemicals is a potential toxic effect on professional and non-professional contingents. Therefore, the study and forecasting of possible risks of negative effects of pesticides is an integral part of their implementation in the practical activities of agricultural and private farms. The aim was to predict the occurrence of acute toxic effects on workers involved in the treatment of crops with formulation based on the new insecticide spiromesifen and a representative of avermectins, abamectin. Materials and methods. To calculate the coefficients of possible inhalation poisoning, the physic-chemical properties and consumption rates of the studied active ingredients of the Oberon Rapid 240 SC formulation, the methodical approaches from State Standard 8.8.1.002-98 wase used, and to determine the possibility of acute toxic effects, taking into account the selectivity of their action, we used the Sergeev’s S.G. method, taking into account two ways of potential entry of chemicals into the body – inhalation and dermal. Results. According to the "Hygienic classification of pesticides by the degree of hazard", spiromesifen and abamectin, as well as formulation based on them, belong to the Ⅳth hazard class according to the coefficient of possible inhalation poisoning, which was less than 0.5. In terms of inhalation and dermal coefficients of selectivity of action, the studied compounds were classified as substances with a high selectivity of action, except for the value of the coefficient of inhalation action of abamectin, which was less than 100 and made it possible to classify the compound as substances with a relatively low selectivity of action. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a low possibility of acute poisoning when using formulations based on insecticides – spiromesifene and abamectin, as well as their relative safety in the occurrence of acute toxic effects when inhaled and in contact with the skin.

Acute toxic effects of uranium on two aquatic organisms, Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) and Ostracod (Cypridopsis vidua)

In this paper, we concentrate on the acute toxic effects of uranium on two aquatic organisms, Brachydanio rerio (B. rerio) and Cypridopsis vidua (C. vidua). We found that the toxicity of uranium on C. vidua was significantly greater than that of B. rerio. The results show that C. vidua has a higher sensitivity to uranium, even better than the commonly used test model organisms. In addition to its high sensitivity, C. vidua is a simple and cost-effective toxicological test organism. Therefore, C. vidua is an attractive alternative biological detection material. The acute toxicity results of the test are valuable for establishing water quality standards and protecting human health. At the same time, it enriches the relevant data of uranium on biological toxicity, provides clues for the study of the mechanism of toxicity, and deepens the understanding of the harm of uranium pollution to aquatic ecosystems.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Toxic Inhalations: Case Reports and Literature Review

Previous studies have shown that poisoning is a major threat to human health. Inhalation of acute toxic gas has been linked to serious health consequences. Among the antidotes for poisoning currently used, supportive care is the most common intervention in clinical practice. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest caused by toxins are associated with high mortality and are difficult to treat. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an aggressive supportive measure used to manage severely poisoned patients. This study presents two cases of acute toxic gases inhalation, severe ARDS and circulatory instability induced by bromine inhalation, and ARDS induced by nitric acid inhalation which were successfully treated with ECMO. The ECMO techniques used in the animal models and in human cases to treat severe poisoning are described as well as the indications, contraindications, complications, and weaning of ECMO.

Acute Toxic Effects of the New Psychoactive Substance “Voodoo” among Patients presented to the Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCC-ASUH), Egypt, during 2017

Background Voodoo is a heterogeneous mixture of psychoactive substances that has recently grown in popularity among youth in Egypt. Patients can present with a variety of manifestations that may lead to death in some cases. This study assessed the acute toxic effects of voodoo among patients presented to the Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCC-ASUH) during a one year period. Methods This is a retrospective study of all patients presented with voodoo intoxication at the PCC-ASUH from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017. Clinical data, routine laboratory findings, and ECG results as well as duration of hospitalization and outcome were compiled from hospital records. Results Seventy-one voodoo intoxication cases meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed (mean age: 25.19 ± 9.54 years, range: 15–50 years, 97.2 % male). Pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were normal in more than half of all patients. Neurological abnormalities including agitation, hallucinations, disturbance of consciousness were the most frequent manifestations. Respiratory acidosis was the most common laboratory finding (54.9 %), followed by increased serum urea (43.6 %), hypokalemia (33.8 %), hyperglycemia (28.1 %), and leukocytosis (26.7 %). The most common ECG finding was sinus tachycardia (31 %), followed by QT prolongation (15.4 %). More than half of the studied patients (53.5 %) co-administered other illicit substances, most frequently cannabis and tramadol. Most patients recovered fully and were discharged, but death occurred in two cases. Conclusions Voodoo toxicity can manifest with many presentations, hampering timely diagnosis. Clinicians should consider possible voodoo poisoning in patients presenting with a history of drug use with neurological symptoms, and they should conduct follow-up arterial blood gases, electrolytes and ECG as voodoo may contain potentially fatal psychoactive substances.

Blackleg in cattle in the Irkutsk region

Blackleg is an acute, toxic, infectious, non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that occurs while the animals are pastured. This article describes an outbreak of blackleg on a farm in Siberia (Russia). This article provides a detailed description of these cases based on the results of comprehensive diagnostic and epidemiological investigations. The distinctive features (in addition to the characteristic features) were as follows: the outbreak of the disease occurred in early spring when there was abundant snow cover; the disease appeared in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle; the characteristic clinical signs were low-grade fever, the absence of crepitus, and the presence of haematomas containing erythrocytes with basophilic granularity. The evidence suggests that blackleg can present with a variety of conditions and symptoms in cattle.