In recent years, there has been a push toward designing long-lasting thick hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements, commonly referred to as a perpetual pavements (PP). For these pavements, it is expected that bottom-up fatigue cracking does not occur if the strain level is below a certain limit that is called the HMA fatigue endurance limit (EL). This paper proposed a mechanistic-empirical PP design method based on this EL concept. The ELs of 12 HMA mixtures were determined using simplified viscoelastic continuum damage testing and the influential factors were comparatively investigated. It was found that HMA mixtures seem to have different EL values based on mix type and test temperatures. There is not just a single EL value that can be used for all mixtures. Thus, default EL criteria for different mixtures under different climatic conditions were developed and incorporated into the Texas Mechanistic-Empirical Flexible Pavement Design System (TxME). As a demonstration and case study, one Texas PP test section with weigh-in-motion traffic data was simulated by TxME. The corresponding TxME inputs/outputs in terms of the PP structure, material properties, traffic loading, environmental conditions, and ELs were demonstrated. The corresponding TxME modeling results were consistent with the actual observed field performance of the in-service PP section.
Evaluation of Field Performance of Warm-mix Asphalt Pavements in India
