The origin of double fertilization in flowering plants: looking into the history of plant reproduction evolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chengqi Ao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
History Of

Six-Legged Livestock

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
J. Ray Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Tree Cavities ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
History Of

This chapter relates the history of the well-known Western honey bees Apis mellifera, just one of 20,000 species of bees. It relates how honey bees originated in Asia, where they nested in tree cavities, from which humans robbed honey. Beekeeping arose as a mutualistic relationship, providing shelter for bees in exchange for consistent access to their products and was prominent in ancient Egypt, from where the practice moved to Western Asia and Europe. Honey bees were taken to North America in 1622 by colonists needing pollinators of food crops. The chapter explains the major roles honey bees play as pollinators of crops, enabling a diversity of food in modern diets and providing billions of dollars in economic benefit. Uniting flowering plants with pollinators means we raise honey bees as six-legged livestock, manipulating and moving the bees to meet human needs. Honey bees face modern threats, and threats to bees are threats to our food supply.

scholarly journals Discussion on the origin and relationship of the British flora

1935 ◽  
Vol 118 (808) ◽  
pp. 197-241 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Geological Background ◽  
Striking Contrast

Professor Seward, in his introductory remarks, referred to the publication in 1899 of Mr. Clement Reid’s “Origin of the British Flora,” and spoke of the more recent researches of Mrs. Reid which have considerably extended our knowledge of British Tertiary floras. He drew attention to the striking contrast between the early Tertiary floras and the present plant population of Britain, and to the changes exhibited by successive floras in geographical relationship and in composition. He emphasized the importance of reconstructing the geological background as well as the botanical features of the series of floras preceding and subsequent to the Glacial period. Reference was made to the more controversial question of the effect of the Ice Age upon the plant-world, and he expressed the hope that the discussion would enable botanists to form a more definite opinion on the crucial problem of survival or extinction of flowering plants when the British area was exposed to the maximum invasion of ice. Professor Seward offered a hearty welcome to Dr. du Reitz of Uppsala, whose work on Scandinavian floras provided particularly important data having a direct bearing upon the history of the Pre-Glacial and Post-Glacial floras of Britain.

William Harold Pearsall, 1891-1964

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 511-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Botanical Society ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

William Harold Pearsall was born on 23 July 1891, at Stourbridge in Worcestershire. He came of an old Worcestershire family, some of whom ran into trouble in Cromwellian times because of their Royalist sympathies. He is said to have been the fourteenth bearer of the name William H. Pearsall. His father, William Harrison Pearsall, was a schoolmaster who moved to Dalton-in-Furness when Harold was quite a small boy to become headmaster of Broughton Road School. W. H. Pearsall senior was an excellent teacher, and Mrs T. G. Tutin writes: ‘When I was a schoolgirl in Barrow I knew people who had been pupils of the elder Pearsall in Dalton, and they still spoke of what a kind man and wonderful teacher he had been and how he had made them look at plants.’ He had very definite views on the way to bring up his own and other children. It was his belief that one should ‘never do for a child what a child can with reasonable effort do for itself’, and the playroom in the Pearsall house had a large printed notice bearing the three words THINK TRY ASK. Apart from his competence as a teacher he was also a good organist and trainer of choirs, a Methodist laypreacher and a first-class naturalist who devoted all his spare time to an intensive study of the natural history of the English Lakes. He was a member, and for a time Honorary Secretary, of the Botanical Society and Exchange Club (now the Botanical Society of the British Isles) and became a leading British expert on several genera of aquatic flowering plants and especially on the pondweeds, starworts and water buttercups, publishing many descriptions and keys. His key to British grasses was recently still in use at the Brathay Field Centre near Ambleside.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of flowering plants and problems of rational nature management

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Shevchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Plugatar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Reproduction System ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Reproductive Processes

The paper presents the results of the study of reproductive biology of a number of valuable plants introduced to the South of Russia, as well as rare species of flora of the Crimea. Comparative analysis and understanding of the processes of generative structures formation, pollination, fertilization and seed formation of representatives of different families (Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Ericaceae, Magnoliaceae, Rosaceae, Rhambaceae, Davidiaceae, Nyssaceae) allowed to establish some regularities in the reproduction system, to make a conclusion about the systematic affiliation and rather high reproductive potential of the studied species. The possibilities of using knowledge of reproductive processes of flowering plants in solving various biological problems: systematics and phylogeny, identifying patterns of formation of generative structures, determining the strategy of reproduction and conservation of plant diversity, the importance of antecological aspects in plant reproduction, breeding and nature protection are shown. The material is of scientific interest to specialists in various fields.

scholarly journals Most Compositae (Asteraceae) are descendants of a paleohexaploid and all share a paleotetraploid ancestor with the Calyceraceae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Barker ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Thomas I. Kidder ◽  
Chris R. Reardon ◽  
Zhao Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses

AbstractPremise of the studyLike many other flowering plants, members of the Compositae (Asteraceae) have a polyploid ancestry. Previous analyses found evidence for an ancient duplication or possibly triplication in the early evolutionary history of the family. We sought to better place this paleopolyploidy in the phylogeny and assess its nature.MethodsWe sequenced new transcriptomes for Barnadesia, the lineage sister to all other Compositae, and four representatives of closely related families. Using a recently developed algorithm, MAPS, we analyzed nuclear gene family phylogenies for evidence of paleopolyploidy.Key resultsWe found that the previously recognized Compositae paleopolyploidy is also in the ancestry of the Calyceraceae. Our phylogenomic analyses uncovered evidence for a successive second round of genome duplication among all sampled Compositae except Barnadesia.ConclusionsOur analyses of new samples with new tools provide a revised view of paleopolyploidy in the Compositae. Together with results from a high density Lactuca linkage map, our results suggest that the Compositae and Calyceraceae have a common paleotetraploid ancestor and most Compositae are descendants of a paleohexaploid. Although paleohexaploids have been previously identified, this is the first example where the paleotetraploid and paleohexaploid lineages have survived over tens of millions of years. The complex polyploidy in the ancestry of the Compositae and Calyceraceae represents a unique opportunity to study the long-term evolutionary fates and consequences of different ploidal levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document