Disorders of peripheral nerves are one of the most common neurological problems today and include the increasing number of people with diabetes worldwide and those with inherited neuropathy, toxic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, inflammatory neuropathy, radiculopathies, and, increasingly, traumatic nerve injuries. Neuropathic pain is a growing problem without solution. In this chapter, ten landmark papers in peripheral nerve disorders have been selected, covering Bell’s palsy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, paraneoplastic neuropathy, neurophysiology, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, toxic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. These important papers set the stage for many subsequent advances in the field but may be forgotten now, so they are brought to the reader’s attention.