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Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al Arifi ◽  
Ali M. Alqahtani ◽  
Abdulaziz Naif Alotaibi ◽  
Salmeen D. Babelghaith ◽  
Abdulrahman Alwhaibi ◽  
...  

Background and objectives: Neural tube defects are congenital anomalies which canlead to infant death and serious disability. They are initiated during embryogenesis, between the 23rd and 27th day of fetal life, and can be prevented by the administration of folic acid. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge and practice of Saudi women at childbearing age regarding NTDs and FA supplementation. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study on Saudi women of reproductive age who were asked to complete an online survey to examine their knowledge and practice regarding folic acid supplementation and neural tube defects. Descriptive and simple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS v.26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 613 women have completed the questionnaire, from which the majority (46.7%) were aged between 36 and 40 years. About 94% of women heard about folic acid and 80% indicated that its deficiency has some relation to neural tube defects. Approximately 37%, 25.3%, and 23.2% of women reported the proper time for folic acid intake to be during first trimester of pregnancy, before pregnancy, or throughout pregnancy, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed that increase age and education were significantly correlated with a decrease in folic acid administration (p = 0.008) and (p = 0.001), respectively. However, there was no association between time of folic acid administration and income or number of parities. Conclusion: Despite the acceptable level of awareness about the relation of folic acid and neural tube defects, our results revealed that more education is required towards the proper time of supplementation among Saudi childbearing women.


2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
A. V. Krasyukov

The subject. The article is devoted to the study of the mechanism of tax obligation fulfillment. The author established that there are several points of view in understanding the legal essence of the fulfillment of an obligation in Russia and abroad: 1) contractual theories (the general contractual theory, the theory of a real contract, the limited contractual theory); 2) the theory of target impact; 3) the theory of real impact.The purpose of the article is to determine the legal essence of tax obligation fulfillment, to study the concept of the tax obligation fulfillment, the mechanism for exercising subjective rights and obligations, and the criteria for the proper fulfillment of a tax obligation.The methodology. The author uses general and specific scientific methods of scientific research: observation, systemic-structural, dialectical, analysis, comparative jurisprudence and others.The main results, scope of application. There are two sides of the tax obligation fulfillment: legal and factual. From an actual point of view, the tax obligation fulfillment is a set of operations by its parties with the object of the obligation. As a result, the object of the obligation must pass from one owner to another. From a legal point of view, the tax obligation fulfillment always represents the realization of its content through the exercise of rights and the fulfillment of obligations.The author believes that the tax obligation fulfillment should not be equated with the fulfillment of the obligation to pay tax, since not every obligation is executed through the payment of tax. In this regard, a situation may arise when the obligation is properly fulfilled by the debtor, and the creditor does not receive the property grant (for example, if a loss is received at the end of the tax period).The mechanism of the implementation of subjective tax rights and the fulfillment of obligations is a certain system of legal means and algorithms of behavior that allow to determine the appropriate size of the claim of a public law entity on the taxpayer's property and ensuring the transfer of the monetary is equivalent to this economic benefit to the budget system. This mechanism is a set of algorithms for the behavior of subjects of tax liability, defined by law, using specific legal means. As such means, depending on the party of the tax obligation, the law provides, for example, a tax return, a requirement to pay tax, etc. The mechanism of exercising subjective rights and fulfilling obligations includes the following stages: 1) pre-implementation; 2) procedural implementation; 3) actual implementation; 4) protection of the violated right.The author identifies five criteria for the proper fulfillment of a tax obligation: 1) the proper subjects of execution; 2) the proper place; 3) the proper time; 4) the proper object; 5) the proper way.Conclusions. The legal essence of the tax obligation fulfillment can be characterized as a transaction between its parties, aimed to mutual termination and the emergence of the rights of its parties. In order to protect the rights of bona fide taxpayers the author proposes to enshrine in tax legislation a ban on contradictory behavior in the process of fulfilling a tax obligation.


2022 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Buchbinder ◽  
A. S. Budekhina ◽  
B. S. Merzlikin

AbstractWe study the quantum structure of four-dimensional $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$ N = 2 superfield sigma-model formulated in harmonic superspace in terms of the omega-hypermultiplet superfield $$\omega $$ ω . The model is described by harmonic superfield sigma-model metric $$g_{ab}(\omega )$$ g ab ( ω ) and two potential-like superfields $$L^{++}_{a}(\omega )$$ L a + + ( ω ) and $$L^{(+4)}(\omega )$$ L ( + 4 ) ( ω ) . In bosonic component sector this model describes some hyper-Kähler manifold. The manifestly $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$ N = 2 supersymmetric covariant background-quantum splitting is constructed and the superfield proper-time technique is developed to calculate the one-loop effective action. The one-loop divergences of the superfield effective action are found for arbitrary $$g_{ab}(\omega ), L^{++}_{a}(\omega ), L^{(+4)}(\omega )$$ g ab ( ω ) , L a + + ( ω ) , L ( + 4 ) ( ω ) , where some specific analogy between the algebra of covariant derivatives in the sigma-model and the corresponding algebra in the $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$ N = 2 SYM theory is used. The component structure of divergences in the bosonic sector is discussed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e001370
Author(s):  
Joseph Christopher Arbizo ◽  
Kajal Dalal ◽  
Veronia Lao ◽  
Frank Rosinia ◽  
Temiloluwa Adejuyigbe

BackgroundProcedural time-outs and checklists are proven to be an effective means of improving teamwork and preventing wrong-sided procedures. The main objective of this study was to ensure that all regional nerve blocks being performed in the preoperative area at our hospital were executed with a proper time-out. The goal of this project was to increase integration of a safe preoperative block process including a time-out checklist to ensure; complete consents, correct patient and laterality were marked prior to each procedure. We focused on recognising events that took place before, during and after the nerve block including non-compliance with the checklist and deviations from protocol.MethodsA safe preoperative block process current and future state flowchart, revised time-out checklist and action/implementation plan as part of our Plan–Do–Study–Act model was constructed using a multidisciplinary approach. Pre-implementation and post- implementation data were collected by medical students acting anonymously via direct observation noting the presence of an anaesthesiologist, resident, nurse, time-out for procedure, checklist completed and procedure start and sedation time representing a complete time-out.ResultsThe direct observations in the pre-implementation group showed a 20% (3/15) compliance with a correct time-out. The direct observations in the post implementation group showed 85% (12/14) compliance. This revealed a 65% increase in all portions of the time-out checklist completed. Comparative analysis confirmed decrease in non-compliance and deviations from protocol as displayed by 65% increase in all portions of time-out checklist completed.ConclusionWe aimed to improve safety, communication and compliance for preoperative nerve blocks through development and implementation of a safe preoperative block process using a multidisciplinary model. We conclude that creation of a safe nerve block was achieved by integration of a preoperative nerve block process which included increased compliance to the time-out checklist, verifying patients and laterality with marking of patient prior to each procedure, identifying proper consents were completed and ensuring each regional nerve block was executed with a proper time-out.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehla Dareshani ◽  
Fiza Farooq ◽  
Mir Amjad Ali ◽  
Nusrat Shah Khan ◽  
Zaheer Sultan

Purpose:  The study was conducted with the aim to decipher knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic retinopathy among MBBS students of a medical college. Study Design:  A cross sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study:  Dow Medical College, from October 2019 to March 2020. Methods:  A cross sectional study was conducted among 3rd and 4th year medical students. A total of 133 students were questioned through specific questionnaire. After informed consent, demographic details were noted. Apart from source of information of students’ knowledge, set of 14 questions were asked. In the first 7 questions information of knowledge of diabetic retinopathy was addressed. Four questions were about attitude and 3 regarding practice towards diabetic retinopathy. Windows MS Excel was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results:  The mean of the overall KAP score for all students was 53.3 ± 1.2 (maximum, 70). Male students scored better in knowledge (24.8 vs 23.7) and attitude (17.3 vs 16.5). Students scored poor in identifying correct values of HbA1c and prevalence of diabetes in our country in the knowledge section. Students also lacked in identifying proper time of followup for screening of diabetic retinopathy. Many students thought uneducated people develop diabetic retinopathy earlier than educated. Conclusion:  Our study pointed out weakness in knowledge and practice of medical students regarding prevention and management of diabetic retinopathy. Proper training and teaching of students is required for improved management and counselling of diabetic retinopathy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Moch. Faqih ◽  
Nu Rhahida Arini ◽  
Hendrik Elvian Gayuh Prasetya

A steam turbine is the most critical component in a thermal power plant. Due to its crucial function, it should be maintained to be able to operate without failure. This paper aims to develop an application that can be used to analyze the reliability and synchronization of vibrations in a single evaluation through the application. The application is helpful to decide the proper time the maintenance should be performed in order to provide a better maintenance strategy. In this paper, the application was used to make an ease in evaluating the reliability and vibration of a 670 MW power plant steam turbine. The reliability was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The vibration evaluation using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was done by diagnosing the failure symptoms from vibration spectrum. The analysis of synchronization of vibrations conducted by comparing the vibration frequency and the natural frequency of the system which can be calculated easily using the application. The algorithm program of both evaluations was built using GNU Octave software to make a friendly user interface. From the evaluation result, the most critical components of the steam turbine are coupling, labyrinth seals, bearing, diaphragm, turbine control valve, and turbine stop valve. The maintenance interval based on the expected reliability of 90% produces the highest reliability improvement. Based on the vibration analysis, there is no failure symptoms detected in the turbine bearings. Furthermore, the dominant frequencies of vibration are distant from the natural frequency. Therefore, the steam turbine condition is acceptable to operate.


Author(s):  
Alokananda Kar ◽  
Shouvik Sadhukhan ◽  
Ujjal Debnath

In this paper, we have used the reconstructed Dirac–Born–Infeld (DBI)-essence dark energy density to modify the mass accretions of black holes and wormholes. In general, the black hole mass accretion does not depend on the metric or local Einstein geometry. That is why we have used a generalized mechanism by reconstructing the DBI-essence dark energy reconstruction with [Formula: see text] gravity. We have used some particular forms of the scale factor to analyze the accretion phenomena. We have shown the effect of cosmic evolution in the proper time variation of black hole mass accretion. Finally, we have studied the validity of energy conditions and analyzed the Type I–IV singularities for our reconstructed model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Yasmineh

All the arguments of a wavefunction are defined at the same instant, implying the notion of simultaneity. In a somewhat related matter, certain phenomena in quantum mechanics seem to have non-local causal relations. Both concepts contradict the special relativity. We propose defining the wavefunction with respect to the invariant proper time of special relativity instead of the standard time. Moreover, we shall adopt the original idea of Schrodinger, suggesting that the wavefunction represents an ontological cloud-like object that we shall call “individual fabric” that has a finite density amplitude vanishing at infinity. Consequently, the action of measurement can be assimilated to the introduction of a confining potential that triggers an inherent nonlocal mechanism within the individual fabric. This mechanism is formalised by multiplying the wavefunction with a localising Gaussian, as in the GRW theory, but in a deterministic manner.


Author(s):  
Alysson Ferrari ◽  
Job Furtado Neto ◽  
Jose F. Assunção ◽  
Tiago Mariz ◽  
Albert Yu. Petrov

Abstract We discuss applications of the proper-time method in various minimal Lorentz violating modifications of QED and present new results obtained with its use. Explicitly we calculate the complete one-loop Heisenberg-Euler effective action involving all orders in $F_{\mu\nu}$, for two of the most studied minimal Lorentz-violating extensions of QED, the one characterized by the axial vector $b^{\mu}$ and the one involving the second-rank constant tensor $c^{\mu\nu}$.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
Carlos Renato Zacharias

As a new year is coming, this is a proper time to evaluate what we have done,, think our expectations over and define new goals. IJHDR is completing its 6th year with full satisfaction for having fulfilled its mission of providing authors and readers a fully open access multimedia journal focused on High Dilution Research that functions as an unbiased vehicle for the diffusion of new ideas and research results. This heavy but pleasant task is currently performed by a small number of editors with the support of reviewers and authors from all over the world! In 2014, IJHDR will try to grow even more by applying to several databases and adopting new editorial rules and guidelines for authors. To meet those challenges, a new editorial structure ought to be implemented. This topic will be in the agenda all throughout 2014! What does IJHDR expect from authors? Possibly too many things!!! New experimental evidences and methodological refinements are expected from the collaboration among various international groups, centers and universities. The discussion concerning the possible participation of nanostructures in the mechanism of action of HD must certainly continue. Informational models focusing on the transfer of medicinal properties might provide us more hints about the nature and characterization of the HD phenomenon. Clinical research, assessment of the quality and efficacy of public and private health systems as well as education experiences are also expected. And why not also technological developments, patents and new products based on HD? IJHDR is ready to publish and spread any high quality results associated with the HD phenomenon. We are aware that to perform studies in this field is not an easy task, as a stable background for it is still under construction. And certainly it will not be available in one year’s time! On behalf of IJHDR Editorial Staff, I wish you much inspiration, persistence and pleasure in the study of the HD phenomenon!


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