Estimation of virological and immunological parameters in subjects from South India infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C and correlation of findings with occurrence of neurological disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupa Kamat ◽  
V Ravi ◽  
Anita Desai ◽  
P Satishchandra ◽  
KS Satish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
South India ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C

Neuropsychological deficits in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C–seropositive adults from South India

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayashree Das Gupta ◽  
P Satishchandra ◽  
Kumarpillai Gopukumar ◽  
Frances Wilkie ◽  
Drenna Waldrop-Valverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
South India ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C

scholarly journals Neuropsychological deficits in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C–seropositive adults from South India

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
Jayashree Das Gupta ◽  
Shobini Rao ◽  
P Satishchandra ◽  
Kumarpillai Gopukumar ◽  
Frances Wilkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
South India ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C

scholarly journals Favorable and Unfavorable HLA Class I Alleles and Haplotypes in Zambians Predominantly Infected with Clade C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 8276-8284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Tang ◽  
Shenghui Tang ◽  
Elena Lobashevsky ◽  
Angela D. Myracle ◽  
Ulgen Fideli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Hla Class I Molecules ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The setpoint of viral RNA concentration (viral load [VL]) during chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection reflects a virus-host equilibration closely related to CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, which rely heavily on antigen presentation by the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (i.e., HLA) class I molecules. Differences in HIV-1 VL among 259 mostly clade C virus-infected individuals (137 females and 122 males) in the Zambia-UAB HIV Research Project (ZUHRP) were associated with several HLA class I alleles and haplotypes. In particular, general linear model analyses revealed lower log10 VL among those with HLA allele B*57 (P = 0.002 [without correction]) previously implicated in favorable response and in those with HLA B*39 and A*30-Cw*03 (P = 0.002 to 0.016); the same analyses also demonstrated higher log10 VL among individuals with A*02-Cw*16, A*23-B*14, and A*23-Cw*07 (P = 0.010 to 0.033). These HLA effects remained strong (P = 0.0002 to 0.075) after adjustment for age, gender, and duration of infection and persisted across three orders of VL categories (P = 0.001 to 0.084). In contrast, neither B*35 (n = 15) nor B*53 (n = 53) showed a clear disadvantage such as that reported elsewhere for these closely related alleles. Other HLA associations with unusually high (A*68, B*41, B*45, and Cw*16) or low (B*13, Cw*12, and Cw*18) VL were either unstable or reflected their tight linkage respecting disequilibria with other class I variants. The three consistently favorable HLA class I variants retained in multivariable models and in alternative analyses were present in 30.9% of subjects with the lowest (<10,000 copies per ml) and 3.1% of those with the highest (>100,000) VL. Clear differential distribution of HLA profiles according to level of viremia suggests important host genetic contribution to the pattern of immune control and escape during HIV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Virtually Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome of a Prevalent Intersubtype (C/B′) Recombinant Strain in China

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (23) ◽  
pp. 11367-11376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Su ◽  
Marcus Graf ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Hagen von Briesen ◽  
Hui Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Region Ii ◽  
Virus Strains

ABSTRACT A molecular epidemiology study was conducted among more than 100 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C seropositive intravenous drug users (IDUs) from China. Genotyping based on the envelope C2V3 coding region revealed the highest homology of the most prevalent virus strains circulating throughout China to subtype C sequences of Indian origin. Based on these results, a virtually full-length genome representing the most prevalent class of clade C strains circulating throughout China was directly amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a selected HIV-infected IDU and subcloned. Sequence analysis identified a mosaic structure, suggesting extensive intersubtype recombination events between genomes of the prevalent clade C and (B′)-subtype Thai virus strains of that geographic region. Recombinant Identification Program analysis and phylogenetic bootstrapping suggested that there were 10 breakpoints (i) in the gag-pol coding region, (ii) in vpr and at the 3′ end of the vpu gene, and (iii) in thenef open reading frame. (B′)-sequences therefore include (i) several insertions in the gag-pol coding region; (ii) 3′-vpr, the complete vpu gene, and the first exons of tat and rev; and (iii) the 5′ half of the nef gene. Breakpoints located in thevpr/vpu coding region as well as in the nefgene of 97cn54 were found at almost identical positions of all subtype C strains isolated from IDUs living in different areas of China, suggesting a common ancestor for the C/B′ recombinant strains. More than 50% of well-defined subtype B-derived cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes within Gag and Pol and 10% of the known epitopes in Env were found to exactly match sequences within in this clade C/B′ chimeric reference strain. These results may substantially facilitate a biological comparison of clade C-derived reference strains as well as the generation of useful reagents supporting vaccine-related efforts in China.

Infants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women in Rural South India

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Read ◽  
N M. Samuel ◽  
Parameshwari Srijayanth ◽  
Shoba Dharmarajan ◽  
Hannah M. Van Hook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
South India ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Ethiopian Clade C Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Rapid Development of Resistance against Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of RT

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2087-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Loemba ◽  
Bluma Brenner ◽  
Michael A. Parniak ◽  
Shlomo Ma'ayan ◽  
Bonnie Spira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Reference Strains

ABSTRACT We sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed the reverse transcriptase (RT) region of five human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from treatment-naive Ethiopian émigrés to Israel. Heteroduplex mobility assays were performed to confirm the clade C status of env genomic regions. The RT sequences showed that the strains clustered phylogenetically with clade C viruses, and a KVEQ-specific motif of silent mutations (amino acids 65, 106, 138, and 161, respectively) at resistance sites was present in the polymerase region of all studied Ethiopian isolates and subtype C reference strains. In addition, many other silent mutations were observed in the clade C viruses at various resistance sites. In general, the Ethiopian isolates were more closely related genotypically to a clade C reference strain from Botswana (southern Africa) than to previously sequenced Ethiopian reference strains. Genotypic analysis showed that two Ethiopian isolates naturally harbored the mutations K70R and G190A associated with resistance to ZDV and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively. Phenotypic assays revealed that the K70R substitution in this context did not reduce susceptibility to ZDV, whereas the G190A substitution resulted in high-level resistance to nevirapine (NVP). Moreover, variants resistant to NVP, delavirdine (DLV), and efavirenz (EFV) were more rapidly selected at lower drug doses culture with clade C than with clade B wild-type isolates. In the case of subtype C, selection with NVP and/or EFV led to the appearance of several previously unseen mutations in RT, i.e., V106M and S98I, as well as other mutations that have been previously reported (e.g., K103N, V106A, V108I, and Y181C). After selection with DLV, a polymorphism, A62A, initially observed in the Ethiopian isolate 4762, mutated to A62V; the latter is a secondary substitution associated with multidrug resistance against nucleoside RT inhibitors. Phenotypic analysis of clade C mutants selected against NVP, DLV, and EFV revealed broad cross-resistance, particularly in regard to NVP and DLV. These findings suggest that RT genotypic diversity may influence the emergence of drug resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document