Bodies, Football Jerseys, and Multiple Male Aesthetics through Football in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-696
Author(s):  
Yağmur Nuhrat
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Male

scholarly journals Discovery of Swimming Males of Paratanaoidea (Tanaidacea)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz ◽  
Robert M. Jennings ◽  
Karen Jeskulke ◽  
Saskia Brix
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Secondary Traits ◽  
Parthenogenetic Reproduction ◽  
Juvenile Males ◽  
Multiple Male

AbstractIn Tanaidacea morphological identification of male individuals to the species level is complicated by two factors: the presence of multiple male stages/instars confuse the assessment of sexual stage while strong sexual dimorphism within several families obscures the morphological affinities of undescribed males to described females. Males of Paratanaoidea are often morphologically quite different from females and have not been discovered for most genera so far, which has led to the assumption that some tanaidaceans might have parthenogenetic reproduction or simply have undeveloped secondary sex traits. As a part ofthe IceAGE project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology), with the support of molecular methods, the first evidence for the existence of highly dimorphic (swimming) males in four families of the superfamily Paratanaoidea (Agathotanaidae, Cryptocopidae, Akanthophoreidae, and Typhlotanaidae) is presented. This study suggests that these males might be the next instars after juvenile or preparatory males, which are morphologically similar to females. It has been assumed that “juvenile” males with a restricted ability for swimming (e.g., undeveloped pleopods) have matured testes, are capable of reproduction, and mate with females nearby, while swimming males can mate with distant females. Our explanation of the dimorphism in Tanaidomorpha lies in the fact that males of some species (e.g.,Nototanais) retain the same lifestyle or niche as the females, so secondary traits improve their ability to guard females and successfully mate. Males of other species that have moved into a regime (niche) different than that of the female have acquired complex morphological changes (e.g.,Typhlotanais).

scholarly journals Identification of multiple male reproductive tract-specific proteins that regulate sperm migration through the oviduct in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (37) ◽  
pp. 18498-18506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Fujihara ◽  
Taichi Noda ◽  
Kiyonori Kobayashi ◽  
Asami Oji ◽  
Sumire Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sperm Migration ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Multiple Male

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology enables researchers to efficiently generate and analyze genetically modified animals. We have taken advantage of this game-changing technology to uncover essential factors for fertility. In this study, we generated knockouts (KOs) of multiple male reproductive organ-specific genes and performed phenotypic screening of these null mutant mice to attempt to identify proteins essential for male fertility. We focused on making large deletions (dels) within 2 gene clusters encoding cystatin (CST) and prostate and testis expressed (PATE) proteins and individual gene mutations in 2 other gene families encoding glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain (GDPD) containing and lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6)/Plaur domain (LYPD) containing proteins. These gene families were chosen because many of the genes demonstrate male reproductive tract-specific expression. AlthoughGdpd1andGdpd4mutant mice were fertile, disruptions ofCstandPategene clusters andLypd4resulted in male sterility or severe fertility defects secondary to impaired sperm migration through the oviduct. While absence of the epididymal protein families CST and PATE affect the localization of the sperm membrane protein A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 3 (ADAM3), the sperm acrosomal membrane protein LYPD4 regulates sperm fertilizing ability via an ADAM3-independent pathway. Thus, use of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has allowed us to quickly rule in and rule out proteins required for male fertility and expand our list of male-specific proteins that function in sperm migration through the oviduct.

Mating success is predicted by the interplay between multiple male and female traits in the small hairy maggot blowfly

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D. Jones ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne ◽  
James F. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Multiple Male

scholarly journals Female freshwater crayfish adjust egg and clutch size in relation to multiple male traits

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1590) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Galeotti ◽  
Diego Rubolini ◽  
Gianluca Fea ◽  
Daniela Ghia ◽  
Pietro A Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Multiple Male

scholarly journals Female choice for optimal combinations of multiple male display traits increases offspring survival

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley T. Lancaster ◽  
Christy A. Hipsley ◽  
Barry Sinervo
Keyword(s):  
Female Choice ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Male Display ◽  
Multiple Male

scholarly journals The multiple signals assessed by female satin bowerbirds: could they be used to narrow down females' choices of mates?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E Robson ◽  
Anne W Goldizen ◽  
David J Green
Keyword(s):  
Female Choice ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Multiple Signals ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Satin Bowerbird ◽  
Satin Bowerbirds ◽  
Polygynous Mating System ◽  
Multiple Male

Female choice based on multiple male traits has been documented in many species but the functions of such multiple traits are still under debate. The satin bowerbird has a polygynous mating system in which males attract females to bowers for mating; females choose mates based on multiple aspects of males and their bowers. In this paper, we demonstrate that females use some cues to decide which males to examine closely and other cues to decide which males to mate with. Female visitation rates to bowers were significantly related to male size and the males' ‘solitary’ display rates, and, to a lesser extent, to the numbers of bower decorations. After controlling for female visitation rates, it was found that a male's mating success was significantly related to his size and the rate at which he ‘painted’ his bower with saliva and chewed up plant material.

Ejaculate-storage patterns and the site of fertilization in female snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio; Brachyura, Majidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1902-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Sainte-Marie ◽  
Bernard Sainte-Marie ◽  
Jean-Marie Sévigny
Keyword(s):  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Sperm Precedence ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Chionoecetes Opilio ◽  
Intermediate Chamber ◽  
Snow Crabs ◽  
Multiple Male ◽  
Storage Patterns ◽  
Basic Configuration ◽  
Amorphous Matter

A light-microscopy study of mated female snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) was conducted to investigate the site of fertilization and to resolve how multiple ejaculates are stored in the spermathecae. In its basic configuration, an ejaculate consisted of a layer or patch of spermatophores enclosing mature spermatids that was capped by a relatively large volume of amorphous matter, which in turn could include a patch of spermatophores containing immature spermatids. Up to 10-12 ejaculates were stored in the spermathecae with the largest loads. An ejaculate was initially deposited in the intermediate chamber and ventral part of the spermatheca, and was displaced toward the dorsal part of the spermatheca when a new ejaculate was inserted. Ejaculates were neatly stratified along the ventrodorsal axis of spermathecae with small to moderate loads, but they were disrupted and the storage pattern was disorderly in spermathecae with large loads. Ejaculate stratification favors last-male sperm precedence and single-male paternity. However, multiple-male paternity might occur in females with large spermathecal loads, in part because several ejaculates can co-occur close to the oviduct opening. Mixing of male and female gametes in preparation for oviposition, and probably also fertilization, occurs to some degree in the ovaries.

Computer Animations as a Tool in the Study of Mating Preferences

Behaviour ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Bakker ◽  
Reto Künzler
Keyword(s):  
Computer Animation ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Computer Animations ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Female Mating Preferences ◽  
Male Signals ◽  
Multiple Male

AbstractThe study of multiple female mating preferences and multiple male signals requires correct and precise measurement of preferences. A review is given of existing preference test paradigms. Non-interactive preference tests using computer animations perfectly fulfil the demands for the study of multiple preferences for visual traits: exclusion of confounding variables, exclusion of variation within and between male pairs, great potential of experimental manipulation of single and combinations of visual traits including behaviour. We give a detailed description for the production of computer animation movies based on commercial software. Finally, we show how computer animations can be properly applied to the testing of mating preferences. In sticklebacks, female mating preferences that were tested in this way agreed with preferences that were measured with other test paradigms.

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