The introductory chapter discusses the interdisciplinary project that led to this volume, the ancient beginnings of theoretical work on self-control, and differences in philosophical and psychological approaches to investigating self-control. It also explains the volume’s organization. Part I of the volume addresses a fundamental question: What is self-control and how does it work? The remaining three parts take up, respectively, the following main topics: temptation and goal pursuit; connections between self-control, on the one hand, and morality and law, on the other; and, finally, connections between self-control and other phenomena or concepts, such as empathy, negligence, moral responsibility, and free will. Much of the chapter is based on abstracts written by the authors, summarizing their contributions to this volume.