Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Alfred R. Mele
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project ◽  
The One

The introductory chapter discusses the interdisciplinary project that led to this volume, the ancient beginnings of theoretical work on self-control, and differences in philosophical and psychological approaches to investigating self-control. It also explains the volume’s organization. Part I of the volume addresses a fundamental question: What is self-control and how does it work? The remaining three parts take up, respectively, the following main topics: temptation and goal pursuit; connections between self-control, on the one hand, and morality and law, on the other; and, finally, connections between self-control and other phenomena or concepts, such as empathy, negligence, moral responsibility, and free will. Much of the chapter is based on abstracts written by the authors, summarizing their contributions to this volume.

FC31-05 - Mental disorder and moral responsibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1993-1993
Author(s):  
G. Meynen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The One

IntroductionMental disorders are often considered to be able to undermine a person's moral responsibility, at least in some respect. Yet, it is unclear exactly how mental disorders would be capable of compromising a person's responsibility. Sometimes, it is suggested that mental disorders undermine responsibility via some detrimental effect on free will.ObjectivesEstablishing to what extent the effect of mental disorder on moral responsibility might be due to an effect on free will, and to what extent other factors might play a role.AimsProviding an analysis of the concept of free will and assessing the relevance of the elements of this concept with respect to mental disorders. Second, establishing what other - not free will related - factors might be relevant to the intuition that mental disorders can undermine responsibility.MethodsConceptual analysis with respect to free will and moral responsibility on the one hand and specific features of mental disorders on the other.ResultsSome of the responsibility-undermining features of mental disorders could have to do primarily with free will related issues. However, for some other aspects it is less clear. In fact, they might be more epistemic in nature instead of having to do with free will.ConclusionsThe possible effects of mental disorders on moral responsibility are likely to involve also other than free will related factors.

scholarly journals JIHAD BUKAN HANYA PERANG SUCI: Telaahan Teoritik Terhadap Ayat-Ayat Jihad dalam Al-Quran

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefriyono Sefriyono
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Genuine Effort ◽  
The Way

Of the 114 surahs in the Qur'an, there are 24 surahs with 164 verses that talk about jihad in various variations of words. Of the 164 verses, there are 22 verses that have the potential for acts of violence if understood literally and coupled with the dominance of qital words in these verses. The qital verses are said to have been revealed more in the Medina period, when compared to the Mecca period, which talked a lot about self-control. The dynamics of the Muslims at that time also contributed to the change in the terminology of jihad. Jihad is not only defined by war or acts of violence. The invitation of parents to polytheism, for example, as contained in chapter 29 paragraph 8 and letter 31 paragraph 15 does not have to be fought with violence. This verse even continues to recommend to continue to do good to the parents in question. In other Surahs such as Sura 45 verse 15 there is also a recommendation with wealth, not carrying weapons. This has given rise to various forms of meaning about jihad, such as greater jihad (al-jihad al-akbar)—the struggle against self and lesser jihad (al-jihad al-asghar)—fighting those who are hostile to the way of Allah. On the one hand, jihad can also be interpreted in an esoteric way—mujahadah, namely a genuine effort to draw closer to Allah, on the other hand, it can also be interpreted exoteric—the holy war.

Introduction

Krupp ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold James
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Global System ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Exclusive Focus

This introductory chapter sketches a brief portrait of the Krupp company. It first explores the various symbolisms of the Krupp name over the years, the criticisms and praise leveled at the company, and considers how this company had become as iconic as was and is, especially in the world of business. The chapter examines three themes which it credits with the development of the Krupp company: the absence of an exclusive focus on profitability, an acknowledgement that technically advanced enterprises exist in an international and even global system, and the company's position between family affairs on the one hand and the establishment of a business organization on the other.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Gracia Liu-Farrer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Highly Skilled Migrants ◽  
Permanent Residency ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Japan as an immigrant country. Japan has become an immigrant country de facto. Starting in the 1980s, to stave off economic decline caused by labor shortage and in the name of internationalization, Japan has tried different programs to bring in foreign workers. In 2012, Japan became one of the most liberal states in its policies for granting permanent residency to highly skilled migrants. As a result, the population of foreigners has been rising for the past three decades and is likely to increase significantly in the near future. Why, then, do both the Japanese government and people inside and outside Japan hesitate to accept the discourse of immigration and the reality of its transformation into an immigrant society? This hesitation has to do with Japan's ethno-nationalist self-identity and the widespread myth surrounding its monoethnic nationhood, on the one hand, and the conventional, albeit anachronistic, definition of “immigrant country” and the difficulty for people to associate an immigrant country with an ethno-nationalist one, on the other hand.

What Does E- add to Democracy?

2014 ◽  
pp. 200-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Mindus
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Internet Politics ◽  
Online Politics ◽  
The One ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Web ◽  
Current Emphasis

Technologies carry politics since they embed values. It is therefore surprising that mainstream political and legal theory have taken the issue so lightly. Compared to what has been going on over the past few decades in the other branches of practical thought, namely ethics, economics, and the law, political theory lags behind. Yet the current emphasis on Internet politics that polarizes the apologists holding the Web to overcome the one-to-many architecture of opinion building in traditional representative democracy, and the critics who warn that cyber-optimism entails authoritarian technocracy has acted as a wake up call. This chapter sets the problem, “What is it about ICTs, as opposed to previous technical devices, that impact on politics and determine uncertainty about democratic matters?,” into the broad context of practical philosophy by offering a conceptual map of clusters of micro-problems and concrete examples relating to “e-democracy.” The point is to highlight when and why the hyphen of e-democracy has a conjunctive or a disjunctive function in respect to stocktaking from past experiences and settled democratic theories. The chapter's claim is that there is considerable scope to analyse how and why online politics fail or succeed. The field needs both further empirical and theoretical work.

MONISMO PREDICAZIONALE SUI LIMITI DI UN’INTERPRETAZIONE EPISTEMOLOGICA DELL’ELEATISMO

Méthexis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
MASSIMO PULPITO
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
The One

Today, the field of Parmenidean studies is still divided over the fundamental question of the correct exegesis of the verb 'to be' in the poem On Nature. The two principal interpretative lines supported by scholars are, on the one hand, the traditional view that understands the verb ‘to be’ in its existential sense and, on the other, the one that arose in the 20th century that focuses on its predicative sense. This paper examines the latest and most ambitious attempt to interpret the thought of Parmenides and the profound influence that he had on pluralist philosophers, starting from a purely predicative approach. It is an epistemological interpretation of the Eleaticism proposed by Patricia Curd, centred on the notion of ‘predicational monism’, which has the unquestionable merit to place Parmenides within the pre-Socratic naturalistic debate but that, after a careful analysis, fails to convince. In fact, this interpretation, which certainly appears to be one of the most articulate and intelligent proposals of recent years, raises a series of exegetical and argumentative problems that do not seem possible to resolve without exiting the predicative horizon.

Referential Intentions

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-44
Author(s):  
Michael O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophy Of Action ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The One

This chapter presents a critical review of research on referential intentions, in the fields of philosophy, linguistics, and psychology, focusing both on what makes them referential and how they function as intentions. This project is distinctively philosophical—the concept referential intention combines elements of language with those of action, and a full account of it should blend theoretical work on reference in linguistics and the philosophy of language with theoretical work on intention in psychology and the philosophy of action. While such an account is beyond the scope of this chapter, the aim is to make progress toward it by outlining ways in which referential intentions are conceptually constrained by reference on the one side and intention on the other. The goal is to supply an overview of these states that does justice to their variety while introducing constraints on their implementation in semantic and pragmatic theories of natural language.

Educating for well-being and autonomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan E. Cuypers ◽  
Ishtiyaque Haji
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Agency ◽  
Liberal Ideal ◽  
The One

Liberals champion the view that promoting autonomy — seeing to it that our children develop into individuals who are self-governing in the conduct of their lives — is a vital aim of education, though one generally accredited as being subsidiary to well-being. Our prime goal in this article is to provide a partial validation of this liberal ideal against the backdrop of a freedom-sensitive attitudinal hedonism — our favored life-ranking axiology.We propose that there is a pivotal connection between the concept of maximizing well-being and another concept central in the philosophy of education and in the literature on free agency: the concept of our springs of action, such as our desires or beliefs, being `truly our own' or, alternatively, autonomous. We suggest that it is the freedom that moral responsibility requires that bridges the overarching aim of securing well-being, on the one hand, and the subsidiary aim of promoting autonomy, on the other.

scholarly journals Arendt og Kafka

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (66) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Winkel Holm
Keyword(s):  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Franz Kafka ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Opening Up

Isak Winkel Holm: “Arendt and Kafka. The Right to Rights in Franz Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’”Franz Kafka experienced a legal and political vacuum opening up in the middle of civilized Europe, Hannah Arendt saw it culminating in the death camps. In this sinister historical situation both authors were not so much interested in the question of specific rights as in the more fundamental question of the right to have rights – to use Arendt’s famous formula. This essay explores the intricate relationship between Kafka’s and Arendt’s analyses of the “calamity of the rightless”. On the one hand, Kafka’s literary diagnosis of rightlessness will be reconstructed through a reading of his story “The Metamorphosis”; on the other hand, Arendt’s philosophical portrait of the rightless refugee will be developed in a discussion of her early Kafka essays and, first of all, of her Origins of Totalitarianism. The contention is that Arendt’s notion of the right to have rights and, hence, her reading of Kafka function as important corrections of modern Kafka research.

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