scholarly journals Averaging or multi-year accounting? Environmental integrity implications for using international carbon markets in the context of single-year targets

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Anne Siemons ◽  
Lambert Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Environmental Integrity

scholarly journals A Question of Value: On the Legality of Using Kyoto Protocol Units under the Paris Agreement

Climate Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 298-321
Author(s):  
David Rossati
Keyword(s):  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Commitment Period ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
First Commitment Period ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol generated about 4.3 billion Assigned Amount Units (aaus) and about 180 million Certified Emission Reductions (cers) for carry-over by Annex i states and potential use as ‘overachievements’ or offsets to discount emissions under ndcs. The second commitment period may generate additional carry-over units, and there is an estimated ‘dormant’ amount of about 4.6 billion cers that could be issued from ongoing cdm projects. To rely on these units risks upsetting the process of trust-building necessary to increase ambition under the Paris Agreement. This article questions the legality of carry-overs but finds that a textual interpretation of the current legal framework under both treaties leaves the matter unresolved. With a more refined legal interpretation, based on the principles of environmental integrity and sound accounting under the Paris Agreement, the article re-evaluates aaus and cers under the Agreement, by relying on insights from a social theory of value and the critical studies literature on the political economy of carbon markets. The conclusion is that aaus cannot be used under the ndc accounting framework, as their formal value of 1 Mt CO2 eq. under the Kyoto Protocol is considerably diminished under the Agreement. As for cers, their value depends on different social realities related to their issuance. States or the cma should adopt transparent criteria to select the cers that are worth transitioning pursuant to the Article 6.4 mechanism. The same conceptual framework of value-attribution can also inform the design and operation of the Article 6 mechanisms and their units in order to attain higher environmental integrity and sound accounting for ndcs.

The world’s carbon markets

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Lecocq
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Markets

Defining the Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cymie R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
Healthy Functioning

The principle of ‘environmental integrity’ is a fundamental aspect of jus post bellum. Human life, economy, and culture depend on a healthy, functioning environment. However, environmental integrity is a complex concept to describe. Doctrinal thresholds for legally material environmental damage (significant, long-term, widespread) do not capture it. This chapter interrogates the jus post bellum literature and then turns to scholarship on wilderness management in the Anthropocene era, which also engages with the meaning of ‘environmental integrity’, ‘naturalness’, ‘unimpaired’, or, in the words of the Factory at Chorzów case which sets the international law standard for reparations of damage, ‘the situation which would, in all probability, have existed if that act had not been committed’. Recognition that pristine or historical conditions are often impossible to recover or maintain leads to the legal, ethical, and scientific analysis of evolving environmental norms that this chapter offers.

scholarly journals Carbon Markets: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Newell ◽  
William A. Pizer ◽  
Daniel Raimi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Markets

The Need for Global Environmental Health Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
David O. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Program Policy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
Organization Policy ◽  
Environmental Capital

The world economy has been growing by an average of 3.5% a year. Continued global development is sustainable if overall social assets remain constant or rise over time, including manufactured, human, and environmental capital. Sustainable development requires that society not decrease its overall assets. But unregulated global trade may result in long-term loss of environmental capital. Multilateral governance is needed. Classical business models tend to view environmental damage as an externality—an impact on a third party's welfare that is neither compensated nor appropriated. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development clearly states that economic development must err on the side of environmental integrity. Whereas UN Environmental Program policy requires precaution in the face of scientific uncertainty, World Trade Organization policy requires scientific certainty before precaution can be used. The conflict is obvious. In fact, there is gross lack of policy coordination across institutions. This article looks at some environmental strains and concludes that trade policy must address all aspects of human welfare, not merely the economic.

scholarly journals Of mice and men: Why the unintended consequences of carbon markets matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Chomba ◽  
Juliet Kariuki ◽  
Jens Friis Lund ◽  
Fergus Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Of Mice And Men
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