Agricola Revisited: Identification and Control of Hazards in the 16th Century (Extracts from the Hoover Translation of De Re Metallica by Agricola-Part I)

AIHA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
R. J. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
De Re ◽  
And Control

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

scholarly journals The Humanist at the Table

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Dawid Barbarzak
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
De Rerum Natura ◽  
New Approach ◽  
De Re ◽  
Marsilio Ficino ◽  
The Human Condition ◽  
Ancient Texts

Italian humanists’ discoveries of ancient texts and printed editions of such ancient works as Lucretius’ De rerum natura, Plato’s Symposium or Apicius’ De re coquinaria strongly influenced the renewal of the Epicurean category of pleasure (voluptas) and created a new approach to eating. Many Italian humanists began emphasizing bodily needs and stressed their importance. We can find these ideas in the works of Lorenzo Valla (De voluptate, 1431), Marsilio Ficino (De voluptate, 1457) or Bartolomeo Platina (the author of the first printed cookbook De honesta voluptate et valetudine, ca. 1465-68) who recognized that food could be also consumed for pleasure. The phenomenon of the philosophical and literary banquet became common practice among Italian, and later also Polish, humanists. Such associations as the Roman Academy, Florentine Academy, or Polish Sodalitas litteraria Vistulana were the place of humanistic discussion, which was valued more than luxurious food. It is reflected in 16th-century Polish poetry (Filippo Buonaccorsi „Callimachus”, Conrad Celtis; Paweł z Krosna; Jan Dantyszek „Dantiscus” and others) and philosophical treaties such as Mikołaj Rej’s Wizerunek własny, 1558, inspired by Palingenius’ Zodiacus vitae, or Łukasz Górnicki’s Dworzanin polski, 1566, inspired by Baldassare Castiglione’s Il corteggiano. The quoted authors recommend moderation in drinking and criticize Polish and German drunkenness. Dining with friends could also serve as remedy for vanitas or all kinds of sorrow, according to the tradition of Anacreontic and Horatian poetry. We can see it clearly in Foricoenia of Jan Kochanowski (1584), where the joy of drinking wine and singing at the table interweaves with reflection on the human condition and vanishing.

Georgius Agricola's De Re Metallica in early modern scholarship

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fay Barton
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
De Re ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Technical Innovations

Georgius Agricola's De Re Metallica (1556) is generally considered a mining text that had some important technical innovations but lacked broader philosophical consequences. This article shows that the opposite is true: Agricola's geological ideas, though innovative, had little immediate impact, but he inverted the contemporary concept of scholarship and its relation to artisanal knowledge by giving Latin scholarly form to the kind of observation-based studies of the earth that had previously been reserved for treatment in the vernacular. In doing so, he extended the early 16th-century trend toward observation-based medical practice to the study of the earth.

De Re Metallica: Mining and Geology in the 16th Century

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
VEAL, STEVEN L., DCX Resources, Ltd
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
De Re

scholarly journals Almadén en la España del siglo XVII. Crisis de producción de azogue y soluciones propuestas

2019 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
María Silvestre Madrid ◽  
Emiliano Almansa Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mateo Aleman ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
De Re ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Mining Work

RESUMENA mediados del siglo XVI, la mina de azogue de Almadén adquirió una gran importancia debido al descubrimiento del método industrial de la amalgamación para los minerales de plata de baja ley. Los accidentes, enfermedades y el impago de salarios hicieron que el trabajo de minero no fuera atractivo para los forasteros, de modo que faltaban brazos para dar la producción de azogue necesaria para abastecer a las minas americanas de plata. En el siglo XVII, el Consejo de Hacienda intentó solucionar el problema de las consignaciones económicas, lo que resultó harto difícil en una España con graves dificultades financieras y, por otra parte, trató de conseguir mano de obra para la mina, fuera forzada, esclava o procedente del repartimiento de pueblos cercanos.PALABRAS CLAVE: Almadén, azogue, siglo XVII, mineros, repartimiento.ABSTRACTIn the middle of the 16th century, the Almadén quicksilver mine acquired considerable importance due to the discovery of the industrial method of amalgamation of low-grade silver ores. Accidents, diseases and unpaid wages made mining work unattractive to outsiders, so manpower was needed for the quicksilver production necessary to supply American silver mines. In the 17th century, theFinance Council attempted to solve the problem of economic consignments, which was very difficult in a Spain with serious financial difficulties and, meanwhile, tried to obtain workers for the mine, be they forced, enslaved or from the repartimiento of nearby villages.KEY WORDS: Almadén, quicksilver, 17th century, miners, repartimiento. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgricolae, G., De Re Metallica libri XII, Basileae: Froben, 1556.Álvarez Nogal, C., El crédito de la monarquía hispánica en el reinado de Felipe IV, Ávila, Junta de Castilla y León, 1997.Bleiberg, G., El informe secreto de Mateo Alemán sobre el trabajo forzoso en las minas de Almadén, Londres, Tamesis Book Limited, 1984.Carande, R., Carlos V y sus banqueros, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1987.Castillo Martos, M., Bartolomé de Medina y el siglo XVI. Un sevillano lleva la revolución tecnológica a América, Sevilla, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 2001.Dobado González, R., “Las minas de Almadén, el monopolio del azogue y la producción de plata en Nueva España en el siglo XVIII”, en La savia del imperio. Tres estudios de economía colonial, Salamanca, 1997, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pp. 403-495.Gil Bautista, R., Almadén del Azogue, Puertollano, Ediciones Puertollano, 2013.Gil Bautista, R., Las minas de Almadén en la Edad Moderna, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 2015.González, T., Registro y relación general de minas de la Corona de Castilla, Madrid, Imprenta de Don Miguel de Burgos, 1832.Hernández Sobrino, A., Los esclavos del rey. Los forzados de Su Majestad en las minas de Almadén, años 1550-1800, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén y Asociación Montesur, 1982.Hernández Sobrino, A., Silvestre Madrid, M. A. y Almansa Rodríguez, E., “La mina de azogue de Almadén en la época del Quijote” en La España del Quijote: IV Centenario Cervantes, Llerena, 2017, Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, pp. 161-172.Langue, F. y Salazar-Soler, C., Dictionaire des termes miniers en usage en Amerique espagnole (XVI-XIX siecle), Paris, Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1993.Matilla Tascón, A., Historia de las minas de Almadén, Vol. I: Desde la época romana hasta el año 1645, Madrid, Consejo de Administración de Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, 1958.Matilla Tascón, A., Historia de las minas de Almadén, vol. II: Desde 1646 a 1799, Madrid, Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, S.A. e Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 1987.Menéndez Navarro, A., Catástrofe morboso de las minas mercuriales de la villa de Almadén del Azogue (1778) de José Parés y Franqués, edición anotada, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, 1998.Prieto, C., La minería en el Nuevo Mundo, Madrid, Ediciones de la Revista de Occidente, 1977.Prior Cabanillas, J., La pena de minas: los forzados de Almadén, 1646-1649, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén y Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 2006.Sánchez Gómez, J., De minería, metalurgia y comercio de metales. La minería no férrica en el reino de Castilla, 1450-1610, Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca e Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España, 1989.Sánchez Gómez, J., “La técnica en la producción de metales monedables en España y en América”, en La savia del imperio. Tres estudios de economía colonial, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1997, pp. 17-264.Silvestre Madrid, M. Á., Mineros de Almadén en la América Colonial, Trabajo Fin de Máster, Universidad de Córdoba, inédito, 2014.Voltes Bou, P., El ocaso de los Fugger en España. Operaciones de los Fugger en la España del siglo XVII, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén, 2009.

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