scholarly journals STUDIES ON RENAL JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

1957 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis M. Hartroft
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cell ◽  
Hydronephrotic Kidney

Hypertension in rats produced by constriction of one renal artery was associated with degranulation of juxtaglomerular cells in the contralateral, undamped, kidney. These findings are consistent with those of other investigators. Furthermore, the degree of granulation (JGI) in the unclamped kidney was inversely correlated with the level of blood pressure (r = –0.7). Degranulation of JG cells also occurred in rats made hypertensive by application of a "figure-of-eight" ligature to one kidney and removal of the other one, except when the interference in blood supply was so severe that scarring resulted. In these damaged areas, granules persisted or increased in number even though they were decreased in adjacent relatively normal areas. Occlusion of one ureter in rats produced severe hydronephrosis in the homolateral kidney and an elevation in blood pressure. Juxtaglomerular cell granules persisted in the hydronephrotic kidney but were decreased in the contralateral one. This finding confirmed the results of the above experiments. Unilateral nephrectomy in comparable rats had no effect on the degree of granulation of JG cells in the remaining kidney or on the level of blood pressure under the conditions of these experiments. The possibility that degranulation of JG cells in the contralateral kidney in the rats described above was due to compensatory hypertrophy was thereby excluded. An elevation in blood pressure was therefore implicated as an important factor in causing degranulation of juxtaglomerular cells.

Bio-assay of circulating renin-like pressor material by isovolemic cross circulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schaechtelin ◽  
D. Regoli ◽  
F. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Bio Assay

The renin-like pressor material present in blood under various experimental conditions was determined by isovolemic cross circulation using nephrectomized rats as assay animals and rats having different concentrations of renin in the kidney as "donor" animals. Cross circulation was established by connecting the femoral arteries of both animals with the corresponding femoral veins and maintaining a constant flow. In intact anesthetized rats, a "basic" concentration of renin-like pressor material is demonstrable in the blood which is not influenced by unilateral nephrectomy. In the rat made hypertensive by clamping one renal artery, leaving the other kidney untouched, an increase in circulating renin-like pressor material is demonstrable. In unilaterally nephrectomized rats in which the artery of the remaining kidney is clamped, the concentration of circulating pressor material is not elevated. In adrenalectomized rats, an increase of circulating pressor material coincides with an elevated concentration of renin in the kidneys. There is a good correlation between the concentration of renin in the kidney and of pressor material in the blood, while the level of circulating renin-like substance is not correlated with the height of blood pressure.

scholarly journals THE PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY RENAL CONSTRICTION

1950 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Rather
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Blood Pressures

Blood pressures were determined on forty-two young male albino rats and a basal level established. The rats were then divided into four groups and subjected to one of the following operations: (a) unilateral nephrectomy with exposure and handling of the opposite kidney; (b) unilateral nephrectomy and constriction of the remaining kidney with a silk figure-of-eight ligature; (c) unilateral renal constriction with a silk figure-of-eight ligature, the other kidney being left intact after exposure and handling; (d) unilateral nephrectomy and removal of the poles of the contralateral kidney (three-quarters nephrectomy). The animals were followed for 50 days, during which blood pressures were measured on twenty occasions, then killed by exsanguination under ether anesthesia. The organs were weighed according to a standardized procedure and studied histologically. Individual determinations of serum creatinine and of the hematocrit levels were made. Mean lines and frequency distributions of blood pressure were subjected to statistical analysis. A definitely significant increase in blood pressure developed in the group subjected to operation (b) within 4 days postoperative. In none of the other groups did hypertension develop. Analysis of the individual renal weights and creatinine levels indicates the independence of the development of hypertension from the total mass of functioning renal tissue. Nor is it dependent on the prevention of renal hypertrophy or the presence of fibrous perinephritis. The effect is probably due to the production of a disturbance of hemodynamics or tissue tension with the liberation of a pressor substance by the injured kidney.

scholarly journals RENAL INSUFFICIENCY FOLLOWING TRYPSIN INJECTION INTO THE RENAL ARTERIES

1938 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Friedman ◽  
L. N. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Large Sections

1. The injection of trypsin into both renal arteries of the dog was found to cause an acute necrosis of large sections of the kidney, an immediate excretory insufficiency, and a transient hypertension. 2. Dogs surviving the acute phase of the trypsin injection, developed a chronic renal excretory insufficiency with no hypertension, despite the severity and duration of the renal excretory insufficiency. 3. The application of a Goldblatt clamp to the renal artery of one of the two kidneys, previously injected with trypsin, led to a rise in blood pressure which returned at once to normal when the ischemic kidney was removed, even though the pre-existing renal excretory insufficiency was augmented. This experience demonstrated unequivocally that chronic renal excretory insufficiency and hypertension are not directly related. 4. The application of a Goldblatt clamp to the renal artery of one kidney and the simultaneous injection of trypsin into the other led to a hypertension. The later removal of the ischemic kidney led to a severe renal excretory insufficiency, at the same time the pre-existing hypertension disappeared. This indicated again that renal excretory insufficiency and renal ischemia produced different phenomena and that the former had no direct relation to hypertension.

ALDOSTERONE AND CORTICOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN RENAL HYPERTENSIVE RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dietz ◽  
G. J. Mast ◽  
J. Möhring ◽  
P. Vecsei ◽  
K. H. Gless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT The development of hypertension, which had been elicited by clamping one renal artery in the presence of an untouched contralateral kidney, has been pursued in rats for up to six weeks after operation, and aldosterone and corticosterone production was studied at various intervals. Two weeks after renal artery stenosis had been induced, a "benign" and a "malignant" course of hypertension could be distinguished, the latter being characterized by a rise in blood pressure beyond 180–190 mmHg, loss of salt and water, increased water intake, decrease in body weight and food intake, and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. In the early phase of hypertension (after 9 days), aldosterone production and plasma aldosterone concentration were already elevated, and so was plasma corticosterone concentration. After 16 days, a marked increase in aldosterone production and in both plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations was obtained in malignant hypertensive rats, whereas the secretion of the two hormones was only slightly stimulated in benign hypertensive rats. Similar differences in aldosterone production between rats with benign or malignant hypertension were found 21 and 42 days after operation. After 21 days, a close relationship between plasma renin concentration and aldosterone production was obtained in malignant hypertensive and control rats. A positive correlation between plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and of aldosterone was calculated for rats with malignant hypertension. It is concluded that, in the malignant phase of renal hypertension, a state of secondary aldosteronism develops as a consequence of negative sodium and water balance induced by high blood pressure.

A chronic arterial catheter and low compliance system for recording blood pressure and heart rate from the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. H137-H141
Author(s):  
B. R. Dworkin ◽  
R. J. Filewich ◽  
J. Da Costa ◽  
E. Eissenberg ◽  
N. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Arterial Catheter ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Surgical Implantation

A procedure for cannula construction, surgical implantation, and utilization is presented for recording arterial blood pressure and heart rate from the renal artery of unanesthetized mobile rats. The method involves unilateral nephrectomy, but the animals recover quickly and remain in excellent health. The cannula requies minimal maintenance; it has been used in cardiovascular experiments to make multiple periodic arterial blood pressure recordings. Patency for 2 mo or longer is common.

Exchangeable Sodium in Experimental Hypertension in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 133s-135s
Author(s):  
A. E. Doyle ◽  
S. Duffy ◽  
G. J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Severe Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Before And After

1. Total exchangeable sodium was measured in rats by a radio-sodium equilibration method, before and after the production of hypertension by clipping the left renal artery, with or without contralateral nephrectomy. 2. Clipping of one renal artery with removal of the other kidney produced severe hypertension with no significant changes in exchangeable sodium or plasma renin levels. 3. Clipping of one renal artery without contralateral nephrectomy produced severe hypertension in some animals, but little change in blood pressure in others. The animals which developed severe hypertension had a marked increase in exchangeable sodium with a concomitant rise in plasma renin; the animals with smaller rises in blood pressure did not have these changes. 4. The fact that both plasma renin levels and exchangeable sodium levels increase according to this method, suggests that hypertension in the two-kidney model is renin-dependent.

Recovery of Renal Function after Renovascular Surgery

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Severe Hypertension ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Occlusion

A 48-year-old woman with generalised atheromatous disease had a right nephrectomy for a renal artery occlusion in 1977. Fourteen months later she presented with severe hypertension and anuria, caused by occlusion of the left renal artery. Emergency reconstructive surgery was successful in bringing about recovery of renal function and lowering of her blood pressure. Because renal function had deteriorated slightly after the first operation and improved after the second, a comparison was made of the effects of unilateral nephrectomy and reconstructive surgery on renal function in a further 26 patients with renal artery stenosis. In 15 patients having nephrectomy, renal function deteriorated in most, while in 11 having reconstruction it improved in nine and remained constant in two.

Human leptin has natriuretic activity in the rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. F333-F338 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Jackson ◽  
P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
Arterial Blood

The purpose of this study was to determine whether leptin influences renal function. Increasing doses (0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 microg/min; 30 min per dose) of human leptin (h-leptin) infused into the renal artery of anesthetized rats caused a twofold increase (P < 0.01) in urine volume (UV), sodium excretion rate (U(Na)V), and the ratio of U(Na)V to potassium excretion rate (U(K)V) from the ipsilateral kidney but had no effect on arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, or U(K)V. Mouse leptin was inactive in the rat. In a second study, a single dose of h-leptin (30 microg/min) infused into the renal artery caused a significant twofold increase in UV and U(Na)V from the ipsilateral but not contralateral kidney and revealed a time lag (approximately 1.5 h) in the measurable response. In a third study, single doses of h-leptin were infused into the renal artery of four groups of rats (0.3, 1, 3, and 10 microg/min) for 140 min. The ratio of U(Na)V to U(K)V from the ipsilateral kidney was significantly increased by all doses of h-leptin. We conclude that h-leptin may function as a potassium-sparing diuretic/natriuretic factor.

scholarly journals Preoperative clinical and renal ultrasonography variables associated with improved systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction after renal artery stenting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka ◽  
Agnieszka Rosławiecka ◽  
Rafał Badacz ◽  
Andrzej Sokołowski ◽  
Daniel Rzeźnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Renal Ultrasonography ◽  
Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Kidney Length

IntroductionResponse to stent-assisted angioplasty (PTA) in hypertensive patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is unpredictable. Therefore, the present study aimed to search for preoperative clinical and renal ultrasonography variables associated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduction.Material and methodsPreoperative clinical assessment and renal ultrasonography were performed in 202 patients who underwent PTA for ARAS (2003–2018). Patients were categorized as responders if decrease of SBP of at least 20mmHg or DBP of 5mmHg was achieved. Logistic regression models, with percentage shares, were evaluated by basic decision characteristics for ultrasonographic and clinical variables.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that preoperative SBP ≥145mmHg (OR,20.0 [95%CI 8.67–46.2], p<0.001), (2) baseline DBP >82 mmHg (OR,3.46 [95%CI 1.61–7.42], p=0.001), (3) prior myocardial infarction (OR,3.14 [95%CI 1.09–9.0], p=0.033), and (4) Renal-Aortic-Ratio >5.1 (OR,2.67 [95%CI 1.20-6.0], p=0.016) predicted the SBP response, with respective influence shares of 69.8%; 12.1%; 10.9%; and 7.2%. The DBP response was associated with (1) baseline SBP >145mmHg (OR,3.79 [95%CI 1.87–7.70], p<0.001), (2) baseline DBP >82mmHg (OR,6.09 [95%CI 2.88–12.9], p<0.001), (3) ARAS progression (OR,0.32 [95%CI 0.09–1.07], p=0.062), (4) contralateral kidney length>106mm (OR,0.43 [95%CI 0.22–0.86], p=0.017), and (5) bilateral PTA (OR,2.39 [95%CI 1.08–5.27], p=0.03), with respective shares of 21.8%; 35.0%; 18.2%; 13.3% and 11.8%.ConclusionsCurrent study identified clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of patients who are likely to respond to PTA for ARAS. The RAR and contralateral kidney size may enhance prediction of response likelihood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document