Flow Evolution of Experimental Gravity Currents: Implications for Pyroclastic Flows at Volcanoes

2001 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stix
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Currents ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Flow Evolution ◽  
Experimental Gravity

Numerical and experimental gravity currents related to backdrafts

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Fleischmann ◽  
K.B. McGrattan
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Currents ◽  
Experimental Gravity

Compressible particle-driven gravity currents

2001 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 305-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY-LOUISE E. TIMMERMANS ◽  
JOHN R. LISTER ◽  
HERBERT E. HUPPERT
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Gravity Currents ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Model Approximation ◽  
Particle Settling ◽  
Density Scale

Large-scale particle-driven gravity currents occur in the atmosphere, often in the form of pyroclastic flows that result from explosive volcanic eruptions. The behaviour of these gravity currents is analysed here and it is shown that compressibility can be important in flow of such particle-laden gases because the presence of particles greatly reduces the density scale height, so that variations in density due to compressibility are significant over the thickness of the flow. A shallow-water model of the flow is developed, which incorporates the contribution of particles to the density and thermodynamics of the flow. Analytical similarity solutions and numerical solutions of the model equations are derived. The gas–particle mixture decompresses upon gravitational collapse and such flows have faster propagation speeds than incompressible currents of the same dimensions. Once a compressible current has spread sufficiently that its thickness is less than the density scale height it can be treated as incompressible. A simple ‘box-model’ approximation is developed to determine the effects of particle settling. The major effect is that a small amount of particle settling increases the density scale height of the particle-laden mixture and leads to a more rapid decompression of the current.

scholarly journals Velocity structure, turbulence and fluid stresses in experimental gravity currents

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (C3) ◽  
pp. 5381-5391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Kneller ◽  
Sean J. Bennett ◽  
William D. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Gravity Currents ◽  
Experimental Gravity

Vibration-induced dynamical weakening of pyroclastic flows: Insights from rotating drum experiments

2015 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Valverde ◽  
Carlos Soria-Hoyo
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Rotating Drum

Unsteady flow evolution in porous chamber with surface mass injection. II - Acoustic excitation

AIAA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
S. Apte ◽  
V. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Mass Injection ◽  
Flow Evolution

Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska

2010 ◽  
pp. 219-267
Author(s):  
James W. Vallance ◽  
Katharine F. Bull ◽  
Michelle L. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
2006 Eruption

Friction marks on blocks from pyroclastic flows at the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat: Implications for flow mechanisms

Geology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Grunewald ◽  
R.S.J. Sparks ◽  
S. Kearns ◽  
J.C. Komorowski
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Soufriere Hills Volcano ◽  
Soufrière Hills Volcano ◽  
Soufriere Hills ◽  
Flow Mechanisms

Gravity currents interacting with a bottom triangular obstacle and implications on entrainment

2021 ◽  
pp. 103967
Author(s):  
M.C. De Falco ◽  
C. Adduce ◽  
M.R. Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Currents

Secondary generation of breaking internal waves in confined basins by gravity currents

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukinobu Tanimoto ◽  
Nicholas T. Ouellette ◽  
Jeffrey R. Koseff
Keyword(s):  
Internal Waves ◽  
Gravity Currents

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