Development of the primary electron avalanche under an induced toroidal electric field in nitrogen

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Fujiwara ◽  
T Shimada ◽  
K Sugita
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Electron Avalanche

scholarly journals Access to Primary Charge Separation Mechanism in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers: Anisotropic Excitation Spectra of Electric Field Modulated Fluorescence Yields

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Eberl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Reaction Centers ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Primary Charge Separation ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
Primary Radical ◽  
Primary Radical Pair

AbstractTwo-step sequential and unistep, superexchange primary electron transfer form primary radical pair states which differ in the direction and magnitude of their dipole moments as revealed in the X-ray structure analysis. The direction can be measured by the excitation anisotropy of electric field induced changes of the fluorescence yield. This method determines angles between the dipole of the primary radical pair and photoselected transition moments (in absorption and emission) of cofactors in the reaction centers. Transitions particularly favourable for discrimination between the two models of primary electron transfer are discussed.

Die Raumladungsbremsung von Elektronenlawinen

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 989-994
Author(s):  
K. J. Schmidt-Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Space Charge ◽  
Electron Avalanche ◽  
Homogeneous Electric Field ◽  
First Order ◽  
Charge Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
Negative Space ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
First Order Perturbation

The electric field generated by the positive and negative space charge of a single electron avalanche moving in a homogeneous electric field is calculated. Treating the interaction of the avalanche with its own space charge field as a first order perturbation, a growth formula is obtained which differs markedly from the common TOWNSEND formula. The theoretical results fit well with experimental data on avalanche statistics reported in the literature.

Electric field of a relativistic electron avalanche

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cooray ◽  
G. Cooray ◽  
T. Marshall ◽  
J. Dwyer ◽  
S. Arabshahi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Electron Avalanche

scholarly journals Features of the electron avalanche formation process in a strongly inhomogeneous electric field under high overvoltages

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Yu I Mamontov ◽  
V V Lisenkov
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Runaway Electron ◽  
Electron Avalanche ◽  
Electron Beam Transport ◽  
Avalanche Formation ◽  
Discharge Gap

Abstract The simulation of the electron avalanche formation process in subnanosecond discharges of high pressure was carried out by means of the Monte-Carlo approach. The discharge gap under consideration was of the configuration “the finger-shaped cathode – the hemispherical anode”. The presence of a conic-shaped microprotrusion on a cathode surface was assumed. Such the electrode configuration provided the strongly inhomogeneous distribution of an electric field. A gas simulated was nitrogen at a pressure of 6 atm. An average electric field strength across the discharge gap was varied from 200 kV/cm up to 400 kV/cm. Microprotrusion height was varied from 0 um up to 30 um. The critical size and formation time of an electron avalanche were determined under various conditions simulated. The threshold electric field strength for electrons to transit into the continuous accelerating regime was calculated for various heights of the microprotrusion. The applicability of the non-self-consistent Monte-Carlo technique for the investigation of the runaway electron kinetics and the correct simulation of the runaway electron beam transport across the discharge gap was shown.

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