Three-dimensional Talbot optical superlattice produced by bichromatic cosine-Gaussian light beams

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 095501
Author(s):  
I V Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Superlattice ◽  
Light Beams

scholarly journals Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) of brachiopod shell interiors for taxonomy: Preliminary report

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Motchurova-Dekova ◽  
David Harper
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Non Destructive

Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) is a non-destructive technique for the investigation and visualization of the internal features of solid opaque objects, which allows reconstruction of a complete three-dimensional image of internal structures by recording of the differences in the effects on the passage of waves of energy reacting with those structures. Contrary to X-rays, produced in a conventional X-ray tube, the intense synchrotron light beams are sharply focused like a laser beam. We report encouraging results from the use of SRXTM for purely taxonomic purposes in brachiopods: an attempt to find a non-destructive and more efficient alternative to serial sectioning and several other methods of dissection together with the non-destructive method of X-ray computerised micro-tomography. Two brachiopod samples were investigated using SRXTM. In ?Rhynchonella? flustracea it was possible to visualise the 3D shape of the crura and dental plates. In Terebratulina imbricata it was possible to reveal the form of the brachidium. It is encouraging that we have obtained such promising results using SRXTM with our very first two fortuitous samples, which had respectively fine-grained limestone and marl as infilling sediment, in contrast to the discouraging results communicated to us by some colleagues who have tested specimens with such infillings using X-ray micro-tomography. In future the holotypes, rare museum specimens or delicate Recent material may be preferentially subjected to this mode of analysis.

scholarly journals Light manipulation with encoded plasmonic nanostructures

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Zhao ◽  
Jiasen Zhang ◽  
Yongmin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Plasmonic Nanostructures ◽  
Light Manipulation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Optical Circuits

Plasmonics, which allows for manipulation of light field beyond the fundamental diffraction limit, has recently attracted tremendous research efforts. The propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) confined on a metal-dielectric interface provide an ideal two-dimensional (2D) platform to develop subwavelength optical circuits for on-chip information processing and communication. The surface plasmon resonance of rationally designed metallic nanostructures, on the other hand, enables pronounced phase and polarization modulation for light beams travelling in three-dimensional (3D) free space. Flexible 2D and free-space propagating light manipulation can be achieved by encoding plasmonic nanostructures on a 2D surface, promising the design, fabrication and integration of the next-generation optical architectures with substantially reduced footprint. It is envisioned that the encoded plasmonic nanostructures can significantly expand available toolboxes for novel light manipulation. In this review, we presents the fundamentals, recent developments and future perspectives in this emerging field, aiming to open up new avenues to developing revolutionary photonic devices.

Carbon Black Dispersion Measurement in Rubber Vulcanizates via Interferometric Microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie P. Smith ◽  
Toni L. Aybar ◽  
Ricky W. Magee ◽  
Charles R. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dispersion Index ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Varying Dispersion ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract A new method for characterizing the carbon black dispersion in rubber compounds is introduced. This technique is based on interferometric microscopy (IFM) and utilizes the interference fringes between in-phase light beams reflected from the rubber sample and a smooth reference surface to measure the three-dimensional surface topography. The peaks and valleys present on the fresh-cut surface are representative of the carbon black agglomerates and are used to characterize the dispersion. A series of samples with different base rubbers and varying dispersion levels were created and characterized by both light microscopy and IFM. These results were used to generate a universal dispersion index based on the IFM data that correlates well with the LM dispersion index values. In addition, three-dimensional peak statistics were obtained from the IFM data and used to provide additional information about the carbon black agglomerate distribution. This data can be used for a more complete understanding of the compound behavior as a function of the carbon black dispersion and agglomerate distribution.

scholarly journals Statistical Properties of Color Matching Functions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
María da Fonseca ◽  
Inés Samengo
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Electromagnetic Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Light Beams

In trichromats, color vision entails the projection of an infinite-dimensional space (the one containing all possible electromagnetic power spectra) onto the three-dimensional space that modulates the activity of the three types of cones. This drastic reduction in dimensionality gives rise to metamerism, that is, the perceptual chromatic equivalence between two different light spectra. The classes of equivalence of metamerism are revealed by color-matching experiments in which observers adjust the intensity of three monochromatic light beams of three preset wavelengths (the primaries) to produce a mixture that is perceptually equal to a given monochromatic target stimulus. Here we use the linear relation between the color matching functions and the absorption probabilities of each type of cone to find particularly useful triplets of primaries. As a second goal, we also derive an analytical description of the trial-to-trial variability and the correlations of color matching functions stemming from Poissonian noise in photon capture. We analyze how the statistical properties of the responses to color-matching experiments vary with the retinal composition and the wavelengths of peak absorption probability, and compare them with experimental data on subject-to-subject variability obtained previously.

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